| Body cells function best when they have the right amount of water. | Cell Function and Water Balance |
| Why is the right amount of water crucial for cell function? | Body cells function best when they have the right amount of water. |
| Body cells gain and lose water by osmosis. | Water Movement in Cells |
| How do body cells gain and lose water? | Body cells gain and lose water by osmosis. |
| If cells gain or lose too much water, they don't function efficiently. | Inefficient Cell Function |
| What happens if cells gain or lose too much water? | If cells gain or lose too much water, they don't function efficiently. |
| If cells gain too much water, they swell and burst. | Cell Swelling |
| What happens if cells gain too much water? | If cells gain too much water, they swell and burst. |
| If cells lose too much water, they shrivel or crenate, and their edges become spiky. | Cell Shrinking (Crenation) |
| What happens if cells lose too much water? | If cells lose too much water, they shrivel or crenate, and their edges become spiky. |
| The body loses water in breath, sweat, and urine. | Modes of Water Loss |
| In what ways does the body lose water? | The body loses water in breath, sweat, and urine. |
| The body loses water in breath from the lungs. | Water Loss in Breath |
| How does the body lose water through breath? | The body loses water in breath from the lungs. |
| The body loses water, ions, and urea in sweat from the skin. | Sweat Composition |
| What does the body lose in sweat from the skin? | The body loses water, ions, and urea in sweat from the skin. |
| The body loses water, ions, and urea in urine. | Urine Composition |
| What does the body lose in urine? | The body loses water, ions, and urea in urine. |
| The body has control over how much water and ions are lost in urine. | Control of Urine Production |
| Can the body control the amount of water and ions lost in urine? | Yes, the body has control over how much water and ions are lost in urine. |
| Factors such as hydration level influence urine production. | Factors Affecting Urine Production |
| What influences the production of urine? | Factors such as hydration level influence urine production. |
| The liver and kidneys are organs involved in the production of urine. | Organs Involved in Urine Production |
| Which organs play a role in urine production? | The liver and kidneys are organs involved in the production of urine. |
| The bladder is responsible for storing urine and removing it from the body. | Bladder Function |
| What is the role of the bladder? | The bladder is responsible for storing urine and removing it from the body. |
| The kidneys have the important function of maintaining the body's water levels. | Kidney Function |
| What is the main function of the kidneys? | The kidneys have the important function of maintaining the body's water levels. |
| The kidneys remove urea and excess water and ions from the blood. | Removal by Kidneys |
| What does the kidney remove from the blood? | The kidneys remove urea and excess water and ions from the blood. |
| The kidneys remove all of the urea and all of the water and ions that the body doesn't need, eliminating them in urine. | Elimination in Urine |
| How does the body eliminate urea, excess water, and ions? | The kidneys remove all of the urea and all of the water and ions that the body doesn't need, eliminating them in urine. |
| Filtration of the blood, removing urea and excess water and ions, occurs in structures called nephrons. | Filtration Mechanism |
| Where does the filtration of blood occur in the kidneys? | Filtration of the blood, removing urea and excess water and ions, occurs in structures called nephrons. |
| Nephrons filter the blood. | Nephron Function |
| What is the main function of nephrons in the kidneys? | Nephrons filter the blood. |
| Blood arrives at the nephron from the renal artery. | Blood Arrival at Nephron |
| Where does the blood come from before it reaches the nephron? | Blood arrives at the nephron from the renal artery. |
| The blood enters a knot of capillaries called the glomerulus. | Glomerulus Location |
| Where in the nephron does blood enter a knot of capillaries? | The blood enters a knot of capillaries called the glomerulus. |
| The glomerulus sits inside part of the nephron called the Bowman's capsule. | Bowman's Capsule |
| What part of the nephron contains the glomerulus? | The glomerulus sits inside part of the nephron called the Bowman's capsule. |
| The blood in the glomerulus is under high pressure. | Glomerular Pressure |
| What type of pressure does the blood experience in the glomerulus? | The blood in the glomerulus is under high pressure. |
| The high pressure forces substances from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. | Filtration Mechanism |
| How does filtration occur in the nephron? | The high pressure forces substances from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. |
| Parts of the blood, such as water, urea, ions, and glucose, are filtered into the nephron at the Bowman's capsule. | Filtered Substances |
| What substances are filtered into the nephron at the Bowman's capsule? | Parts of the blood, such as water, urea, ions, and glucose, are filtered into the nephron at the Bowman's capsule. |
| Larger proteins and blood cells are too big to enter the nephron. | Exclusion in Filtration |
| What components are excluded from entering the nephron during filtration? | Larger proteins and blood cells are too big to enter the nephron. |
| The process in the kidneys where useful substances (e.g., glucose, water, and ions) are reabsorbed from the kidney tubules back into the bloodstream. | Selective Reabsorption. |
| What is the process that prevents the loss of essential substances like glucose, water, and ions in urine? | Selective reabsorption. |
| When the kidneys filter the blood, some useful substances are also filtered out of the blood. | Kidney Filtration |
| What happens during the initial stage of kidney function where blood is filtered? | When the kidneys filter the blood, some useful substances are also filtered out of the blood. |
| Substances like glucose, some water, and some ions are considered useful substances in the context of kidney filtration. | Useful Substances |
| What are examples of substances that undergo selective reabsorption in the kidneys? | Useful substances such as glucose, some water, and some ions. |
| Selective reabsorption prevents essential substances like glucose, water, and ions from being lost in urine. | Prevention of Loss |
| What is the primary purpose of selective reabsorption in the kidneys? | Selective reabsorption prevents the loss of essential substances like glucose, water, and ions in urine. |
| Selective reabsorption occurs in the kidney tubules. | Kidney Tubules |
| In which part of the kidney does selective reabsorption take place? | Selective reabsorption occurs in the kidney tubules. |
| During selective reabsorption, useful substances are reabsorbed from the kidney tubules back into the bloodstream. | Reabsorption into Bloodstream |
| Where are the useful substances transported during selective reabsorption? | Useful substances are reabsorbed from the kidney tubules back into the bloodstream during selective reabsorption. |
| Antidiuretic Hormone - a hormone that affects the function of the kidneys. | ADH |
| What does ADH stand for? | Antidiuretic Hormone. |
| The ability of a substance to pass through a membrane or a barrier. | Permeability |
| How does ADH affect the permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidneys? | ADH makes the collecting ducts more permeable, allowing them to reabsorb more water. |
| Structures at the end of nephrons where the final concentration of urine is determined. | Collecting Ducts |
| Where in the kidneys does ADH make the collecting ducts more permeable? | ADH makes the collecting ducts at the end of the nephrons more permeable. |
| A regulatory mechanism in which a change in a physiological parameter triggers a response that opposes the initial change, maintaining homeostasis. | Negative Feedback. |
| Is the regulation of ADH release an example of positive or negative feedback? | Negative Feedback. |
| A small gland at the base of the brain that releases hormones. | The Pituitary Gland |
| Which gland releases ADH in response to low water levels? | The Pituitary Gland |
| The process of taking water back into the bloodstream during the formation of urine to prevent excessive water loss. | Water Reabsorption |
| What is the primary function of ADH in relation to water reabsorption? | ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules, preventing excessive water loss. |
