| Cells in plants that are adapted to perform specific functions. | Specialized Cells in Plants |
| What are specialized cells in plants, and why are they adapted? | Specialized cells in plants are adapted to perform different functions, such as palisade mesophyll cells adapted for photosynthesis. |
| Specialized cells in plants adapted for photosynthesis, containing a high concentration of chloroplasts. | Palisade Mesophyll Cells |
| What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells, and why are they considered specialized? | Palisade mesophyll cells are specialized for photosynthesis because they contain a lot of chloroplasts. |
| Groups of specialized cells that join together to perform specific functions. | Tissues in Plants |
| How are tissues formed in plants? | Specialized cells join together to form tissues in plants. |
| Tissue formed by the joining together of palisade mesophyll cells, specialized for photosynthesis. | Palisade Mesophyll Tissue |
| What tissue is formed by palisade mesophyll cells, and what is its function? | Palisade mesophyll tissue is formed by the joining of palisade mesophyll cells and is specialized for photosynthesis. |
| An organ in a plant formed by the joining of various tissues, such as palisade mesophyll tissue. | Leaf |
| What is a leaf in a plant, and how is it formed? | A leaf is an example of a plant organ formed by the joining of various tissues, including palisade mesophyll tissue. |
| An organ in a plant that contains various tissues and is adapted for photosynthesis. | Leaf |
| What is a leaf in a plant, and what is its main function? | A leaf is an organ in a plant containing tissues adapted for photosynthesis. |
| Different types of specialized tissues that make up the structure of a leaf. | Tissues in a Leaf |
| What makes up the structure of a leaf? | Various tissues, each with specific functions, make up the structure of a leaf. |
| The outer layer of tissue in a leaf, serving protective and structural functions. | Epidermal Tissue |
| What is the function of epidermal tissue in a leaf? | Epidermal tissue is the outer layer of tissue in a leaf, providing protection against water loss and allowing sunlight to pass through. |
| A protective layer on the epidermal tissue of a leaf that helps prevent water loss. | Waxy Cuticle |
| What is the role of the waxy cuticle in the epidermal tissue? | The waxy cuticle on the epidermal tissue of a leaf serves to protect against water loss. |
| Characteristics of epidermal tissue that allow sunlight to pass through. | Thin and Transparent Epidermal Tissue |
| Why is epidermal tissue thin and transparent? | Epidermal tissue is thin and transparent to allow sunlight through, facilitating the process of photosynthesis. |
| Tissue in leaves consisting of tall, thin, and tightly packed cells, primarily responsible for photosynthesis. | Palisade Mesophyll Tissue |
| What is palisade mesophyll tissue, and what is its main function? | Palisade mesophyll tissue is a type of tissue in leaves characterized by tall, thin, and tightly packed cells, primarily responsible for photosynthesis. |
| Cells within palisade mesophyll tissue that are tall, thin, and tightly packed, containing a high concentration of chloroplasts. | Palisade Mesophyll Cells |
| What are the characteristics of palisade mesophyll cells, and what do they contain? | Palisade mesophyll cells are tall, thin, and tightly packed, containing a high concentration of chloroplasts. |
| Cellular organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells. | Chloroplasts |
| What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells? | Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis happens in plant cells. |
| The relationship between chloroplasts absorbing sunlight and the plant's ability to photosynthesize. | Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Absorption |
| How does the absorption of sunlight by chloroplasts affect photosynthesis? | The more sunlight chloroplasts absorb, the more the plant can photosynthesize. |
| Tissue in leaves consisting of cells with chloroplasts and spaces for efficient gas diffusion. | Spongy Mesophyll Tissue |
| What is spongy mesophyll tissue, and what are its characteristics? | Spongy mesophyll tissue is a type of tissue in leaves consisting of cells with chloroplasts and spaces around them to allow gases to diffuse more quickly. |
| Cells within spongy mesophyll tissue that have chloroplasts and spaces around them for efficient gas diffusion. | Spongy Mesophyll Cells |
| What are the characteristics of spongy mesophyll cells? | Spongy mesophyll cells have chloroplasts and spaces around them to facilitate faster gas diffusion. |
| Vascular tissues present in leaves, providing support and transporting substances. | Xylem and Phloem Tissue in Leaves |
| What vascular tissues are found in leaves, and what are their functions? | Leaves contain xylem and phloem tissue, which provide support and transport water and sugars, respectively. |
| Vascular tissue in leaves that provides water to the leaf. | Xylem Tissue |
| What is the role of xylem tissue in leaves? | Xylem tissue in leaves provides water to the leaf. |
| Vascular tissue in leaves that transports sugars produced by photosynthesis to the rest of the plant. | Phloem Tissue |
| What is the function of phloem tissue in leaves? | Phloem tissue in leaves transports sugars produced by photosynthesis to the rest of the plant. |
| The role of xylem and phloem tissue in providing structural support to the leaf. | Support by Xylem and Phloem |
| How do xylem and phloem contribute to the support of a leaf? | Xylem and phloem tissue both help support the leaf's structure. |
| Pores present on the surface of a leaf for gas exchange. | Stomata |
| What are stomata, and what is their function? | Stomata are pores on the surface of a leaf that allow gas exchange, including the entry of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. |
| Characteristics developed by some plants to survive in harsh and extreme environments. | Extreme Environment Adaptations |
| What are extreme environment adaptations in plants, and why are they important? | Extreme environment adaptations are characteristics developed by plants to survive in harsh conditions, such as deserts. |
| Plants adapted to live in hot and dry desert environments. | Cacti |
| Where do cacti typically grow, and what type of environment do they thrive in? | Cacti typically grow in deserts where the environment is very hot and dry. |
| Characteristics of cacti that are designed to limit water loss in extreme desert conditions. | Water Loss Prevention |
| What is the primary purpose of the characteristics of cacti in extreme environments? | The characteristics of cacti are designed to prevent water loss in extreme desert conditions. |
| A protective layer on cactus surfaces that limits water leaving the plant. | Thick Waxy Cuticle |
| How does a thick waxy cuticle contribute to the adaptation of cacti? | A thick waxy cuticle limits water leaving the cactus, helping it survive in hot and dry environments. |
| Cacti adaptation where spines are present instead of leaves to reduce surface area and water loss. | Spines Instead of Leaves |
| What replaces leaves in cacti, and how does this adaptation reduce water loss? | Spines replace leaves in cacti, reducing surface area and minimizing water loss. |
| Cactus adaptation where they have very few stomata that open at night to reduce water loss in cooler temperatures. | Few Stomata Opening at Night |
| When do cactus stomata typically open, and why? | Cactus stomata typically open at night when it's cooler to minimize water loss. |
| Cactus adaptation where stomata are often sunk below the surface to protect them from the wind. | Stomata Location |
| Where are cactus stomata often located, and what purpose does this serve? | Cactus stomata are often found sunk below the surface to shield them from the wind, reducing water loss. |
| Cactus adaptations that collectively reduce water loss through transpiration. | Transpiration Reduction |
| How do the various adaptations of cacti collectively reduce water loss? | The adaptations of cacti, such as a thick waxy cuticle, spines, and nocturnal stomata opening, work together to minimize water loss through transpiration in the desert environment. |
| A plant adapted to extreme seashore environments, particularly sand dunes. | Marram Grass |
| Where does Marram grass typically grow, and what kind of environment does it thrive in? | Marram grass grows on sand dunes in extreme seashore environments, characterized by little fresh water and strong winds. |
| Characteristics developed by Marram grass to survive in harsh seashore conditions. | Extreme Environment Adaptations |
| What are the extreme environment adaptations of Marram grass, and why are they important? | Marram grass has adaptations to reduce water loss in harsh seashore conditions. |
| An adaptation of Marram grass leaves, rolled to trap moist air and increase humidity around stomata. | Rolled Leaves |
| How do rolled leaves contribute to the adaptation of Marram grass? | Rolled leaves trap moist air inside, increasing the humidity around stomata and reducing the rate of water loss. |
| Small structures on Marram grass leaves that trap air close to stomata. | Leaf Hairs |
| What is the purpose of leaf hairs on Marram grass, and how do they contribute to water conservation? | Leaf hairs trap air close to stomata, helping to reduce water loss through transpiration. |
| An adaptation where Marram grass stomata are located in pits to reduce direct airflow over them. | Stomata Location in Pits |
| How does the location of stomata in pits contribute to the adaptation of Marram grass? | Stomata in pits reduce direct airflow over them, minimizing water loss in windy conditions. |
| Adaptations of Marram grass that collectively reduce water loss through transpiration. | Transpiration Reduction |
| How do the various adaptations of Marram grass collectively reduce water loss? | Adaptations like rolled leaves, leaf hairs, and stomata in pits work together to minimize water loss through transpiration in the seashore environment. |
