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level: Level 3

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 3

Question	Answer
Predictable, dose-dependent reactions unrelated to the goal of therapy Often produced by the same drug-receptor interaction responsible for the therapeutic effect, differing only in the tissues or organs affected	Adverse Effects
Adverse Drug Effects may be categorized into:	1 Side Effects 2 Secondary Effects 3 Toxic Effects 4 Allergy / Hypersensitivity 5 Idiosyncrasy 6 Drug Intolerance 7 Drug withdrawal reactions 8 Teratogenicity 9 Carcinogenicity & Mutagenicity 10 iatrogenic 11 Drug Dependence SST AID DDIC
1 Undesirable effects at therapeutic dose 2 Indirect consequence of PRIMARY action of drug	1 Side Effects 2 Secondary Effects
1 EXAGGERATED FORM of SIDE EFFECTS due to overdosage / prolonged use 2 Occurs when sensitized individuals are re-exposed to same drug again	1 Toxic Effects 2 Allergy/ Hypersensitivity
1 Genetically determined ABNORMAL REACTIVITY TO A CHEMICAL 2 Characteristic TOXIC effects at THERAPEUTIC DOSE; High Sensitivity to low doses	1 Idiosyncrasy 2 Drug Intolerance
1 SUDDEN INTERRUPTION of drug 2 Drug -> Mother -> Fetal Abnormalities	1 Drug Withdrawal 2 Teratogenicity
1 Oxidation -> REACTIVE METABOLITES -> Structural GENE DAMAGE 2 structural changes in the DNA, oxidation of the drugs produce reactive metabolites, covalent interaction with DNA Inheritable, takes 10-40 YEARS to develop, Anticancer drugs, radioisotopes, Marketed for life threatening conditions	1 Carcinogenicity 2 Mutagenicity
Drug induced diseases EX. NSAIDS -> Peptic ulcer HYDRALAZINE -> DLE Phentothiazines -> Parkinsonism INH -> Hepatitis	Iatrogenic
Use of drug produces a state which a person believes that continuous use is necessary for state of well being or to avoid withdrawal symptoms	Drug Dependence
1 Antibiotics safe for pregnancy 2 Antibiotics to AVOID for pregnancy	1)1 Amoxicillin 2 Cephalexin 3 Fosfomycin AS(C)aF 2 Ciprofloxacin Nitrofurantoin, Sulphamethoxazole, Trimethoprim CNS T