| are simple one‐celled organism
though small, they are powerful and complex, and
can survive in extreme conditions.
have a tough protective coating that boosts their
resistance to white blood cells in the body. | Bacteria |
| 1 Bacteria: 1st identified in the 1670s by __
2 Bacteria: reproduce by __ | 1 van Leeuwenhoek
2 binary fission
- bacterial cell then elongates and splits into two
daughter cells each with identical DNA to the
parent cell. |
| Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their
Functions | 1 Based on type of action
2 Based on source of antibacterial agents
3 Based on spectrum of activity
4 Based on chemical structure
5 Function-based classification |
| Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their
Functions
1 Based on type of action | 1 Bactericidal- destroy bacteria by targeting the
cell wall or cell membrane of the bacteria
2 Bacteriostatic - slow or inhibit the growth of
bacteria |
| Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their
Functions
1 Based on source of antibacterial agents | 1 Naturally obtained from fungal sources
2 Semi-synthetic-chemically altered natural
products
3 synthetic |
| Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their
Functions
1 Based on spectrum of activity | 1 Narrow spectrum - they act against
Gram‐positive ONLY or Gram‐negative ONLY
bacteria
2 Broad spectrum – affects WIDE RANGE of
pathogenic bacteria, including both G(-) and
G(+) |
| Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their
Functions
1 Based on chemical structure | 1 group A (β‐lactams)
2 group B (aminoglycosides)
-> in a more elaborated way, the antibacterials can
be classified into
1 β‐lactams,
2 β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor combinations,
3 aminoglycoside,
4 macrolides,
5 quinolones,
6 flouroquinolones |
| Classification of Anti‐Bacterial Agents and Their
Functions
1 Function-based classification | 1 Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
2 Inhibit Protein Synthesis
- 50s subunit
- 30s subunit
3 Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis |
| Beta Lactams list | 1 Penicillin
2 Cephalosporins
3 Carbapenems
4 Monobactams
5 Vancomycin
6 Daptomycin
7 Polypeptides |
| Protein Synthesis inhibitors
1 Inhibit 50s subunit list
2 Inhibit 30s subunit list | 1)
1 Macrolides
2 Clindamycin
3 Linezolid
4 Streptogramins
5 Chloramphenicol
2)
1 Aminoglycosides
2 Tetracyclines
3 Tigecycline |
| Nucleic Acid Inhibitors
1 Inhibit DNA Gyrase / Topoisomerase IV
2 Inhibit Folate Acid Synthesis
3 Create free Radicals | 1 Quinolones
2 Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole
3 Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin |
