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level: Level 5

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level questions: Level 5

QuestionAnswer
Clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids for oral use 5-40% alcohol and water. water - incr. solubility, decrease alcohol effect Less sweet and less viscous. More fluid than syrup It may also contain glycerines and syrup to increase the solubility of the medicinal agents and serves as a sweetening agent.Elixirs
1 SELF-PRESERVING elixir contains __ alcohol 2 Elixir contains alcohol therefore Incompatible with __ from aqueous solutions. When mixed together, it will cause precipitation or salting out.1) 10-20% alcohol 2 acacia, tragacanth, and inorganic salts
Types of Elixirs:1 Aromatic elixirs 2 Medicated Elixir
- Contains 20-23% alcohol. - Used as flavor and vehiclesAromatic elixirs
- When therapeutic substances are incorporated to aromatic elixir - Aromatic elixir with therapeutic substances or active ingredients - Examples: • Dexamethasone Elixir, USP - An Immunosuppressant - To treat arthritis, blood immune system disorder, and any allergic reactions. • Phenobarbital Elixir, USP - To treat or prevent seizures.Medicated Elixir
Elixir 1 To treat or prevent seizures. 2 - An Immunosuppressant - To treat arthritis, blood immune system. 1 Phenobarbital Elixir, USP 2 Dexamethasone Elixir, USP
Preparations for Elixira) Simple solution with agitation b) Admixture of 2 or more liquid ingredients
Known as essences. Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances which contains 60% of alcohol Like aromatic waters, the active ingredients may be solid, liquid, or gas. used as flavoring and medicinal agents. - taken orally, applied externally, and by inhalation. (State the disadvantage)Spirits DISADVANTAGE: - When mixed with water or other aqueous preparation, the volatile substance and spirits will generally separate from the solution and form MILKY PREPARATION. - Salts may precipitate from aqueous solution in the addition of spirits
- Must not be mixed with aqueous preparation containing alkaloids because it can cause precipitation and salting out. - Made to smell when a person faints. - Usually found in your first aid kit.USP prep of Aromatic Ammonia Spirit
Spirits Usually found in your first aid kit.• Camphor spirit • Compound orange spirit • Peppermint spirit • Ethyl Nitrite Spirit/ Amyl Nitrite Spirit
Preparations for Spiritsa) Simple solution with agitation - Ex. For aromatic spirits of ammonia b) Solution with maceration - Commonly used for oils like in peppermint spirits. Mix oils and let it stand for 24 hours and then filter. c) Chemical reactions - Ex. Ethyl Nitrite spirit d) Distillation - For Brandy/Spiritus Vini Vitis - from fermented juice or ripe grapes - and Whisky/ Spiritus Fermenti – from malted grain
Spirits Preparation method for: 1 aromatic spirits of ammonia 2 peppermint spirits 3 Ethyl Nitrite spirit 4 Brandy/Spiritus Vini Vitis and Whisky/ Spiritus Fermenti. 1 Simple solution with agitation 2 Solution with maceration 3 Chemical reactions 4 Distillation
1 Brandy other name 2 Whisky other name1 Spiritus Vini Vitis 2 Spiritus Fermenti
❖ Liquid preparations contains pyroxylin or nitrated cellulose in a mixture of 3 parts ether (such as ethyl ester) and 1 part alcohol (ethanol) ❖ Intended to be applied to the skin by means of soft crush or suitable applicator. ❖ Ether and ethanol when evaporated, they will leave a film of pyroxylin on the surface. Ex. Duofilm- for wartsColloidons
is also known as soluble gun cotton, nitrocellulose, or colloidon cotton. This is produced or obtained by the action of the mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid on cotton.Pyroxylin
- Contains 2% camphor (makes product water proof) and 3% castor oil (makes it flexible) - Used as a water repellent protective for minor cuts, scratches, and Chigger bites (bites form mites).• Colloidon, USP • Flexible Colloidon, USP
- Also known as duofilm. - Composed of flexible colloidon + 10% salicylic acid - Treat warts with less irritation.• Salicylic acid colloidon, USP