| What is the tripartite model of the personality? | Assumption that the behaviour of people are influnece by the 3 parts of the mind: the ID, the Ego and the Superego. The ego is used to mediate the course of action that satisfies both |
| What is the superego? | Morally driven, concenred with right or wrong. Aligns with moral standards. Internalisted representation of the moral standards of the child's same sex parent. It is the morality principle and can cause anxiety which is experineced as guilt |
| What is the Ego? | The rational part of the personality, develops as the child grows, making a situation that realisitcially possible and what is moraly acceptable in the environment. Reality principle, 2 years of age |
| Wha is the ID? | Pleasure orientated and selfish, in the unconcious mind, a primitive biological part of the mind. Impluses like hunger and thrist when young, works on the pleasure princle to satisfy urges and wishes. Driven to seek out pleasure and avoid punishment |
| What is the pre-conscious? | Thoughts, memories, ideas that we become aware of during dream. Feudian slip |
| What is conscious? | Part of the mind you are aware of, thoughts, feelings and memories that are readily avaliable |
| What is unconscious ? | Unaware of the vast store house of biological drives and instinct that influences out behaviour and personality. Repressed memory |
| What is an ego defence mechanism? | Ego protects ists with vaious methods,but often involve some form of distorion of reality and they are usually psychologically unhealthy and undesirable in the long term |
| What is denial? | Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality, continuing to turn up to work after being sacked |
| What is displacement? | Transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a subsitute target, slamming door |
| What is repression ? | Focusing a distressng memory out of the conscious mind. |
| What are the psychosexual stages? | Children born with a libido, urge for sexual pleasure, the 5 stages need to be completed to be psychologically healthy adults, or if conflict arises we can become fixed, psychologcial abnormality |
| What is the oral stage? | 0-1 years
Focus on pleasure of the mouth, mother's breast
Oral fixation - smoking, sarcastic, biting nails |
| What is the anal stage? | 1-3 years
Focus of pleasue is the anus, gains pleasure form withholding and expelling feaces
Anal retentive - perfectionist, obsessive, obsessive
Anal expulsive - thoughtless, messy, generous |
| What is the phallic stage? | 3- 6 years
Focus of pleasure is the general area, castration anxiety and oedipus and electra complex, completion allows for gender idenity
Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless, problmes with sex and identiy, may be homosexulity |
| What is latency? | 6-12 years
Earlier conflicts are repressed, boy challenge energy into sports |
| What is genital stage? | 12+
Sexual desires become conscious alongside onset of puberty
Adjusted means that they become mature, successful heteroseuxal relationships. |
| Strength of psychodynamic approach? | -Introduced the idea of psychotherapy
-New form of therapy called psychoanalusis, first attempt to treat mental disorders psychologicaly rather than physically.
-Psychoanalysis employs a range of techniques to access the unconscious, like dream analysis. Help by bring their repressed emotions into their consciouness so it can be resolved
-Shows the value of the approach in creating new treatment |
| A strength of the psychodynamic approach? | -Explain human behaviour
-Controversial but it has a huge influence on psychology and contemporary thorugh
-Alongside behaviourism, this approahc remained a key force in psychology for the first hald of the 20th century, Used to explain a wide range of phenomena like personality development, moral development, gender identity and connection between childhood experiences and later development
-However, outdated views in his attempt to explain homosexulity as a mental disorder |
| Weakness of psychodynamic approach? | -Methodology
-Evidnece to support his theories were cse stuides, individuals that were in therapy with Freud, like Little Hans
-A 5 year old boy with a phobia of horses, to suport his oedipus complex. Freud claimed that the phobias was his repressed fear of the father
-Weakness, case studies can't be generalised to the rest of the population, lowering generalisability |
| A weakness of psychodynamic approach? | -Arguably untestable
-Approach can be seen to not meet the scientfic standards of being falsifiable, meaning that the theory cannot be empericially tests to be proven wrong
-Seen with many of Freud's concepts, like the ID and the Oedipus complex, part of the unconcious that is impossible to test
-Freud's theory is pseudoscientific, can't beapplied as a real scientific theory as it lacks internal validity |
