| Actinic cheilitis, sometimes known as | "farmer's lip" or "sailor's lip," |
| precancerous condition related to cumulative lifetime sun exposure | ACTINIC CHEILITIS |
| frequently exhibit other effects of sun-damaged skin, such as precancerous lesions on the skin called actinic keratoses and extensive wrinkling | ACTINIC CHEILITIS |
| complain of persistent dryness and cracking of the lips | ACTINIC CHEILITIS |
| more commonly affected lip in actinic cheilitis | lower lip |
| A certain type of skin cancer develops in 6-10% of cases of actinic cheilitis | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Actinic cheilitis is significantly more common in ___________ individuals | men, the elderly, and fair skinned |
| There is a strong correlation of actinic cheilitis with ____ | tobacco use |
| Persistent redness, scaliness, and chapping are among the symptoms noted | ACTINIC CHEILITIS |
| Erosions and cracks (fissures) may be present as well. | ACTINIC CHEILITIS |
| aid in preventing actinic cheilitis | barrier clothing, suncreen containing lip balms |
| When to Seek Medical Care for actinic cheilitis | persistent scaling of the lips is noted |
| what is needed to rule out SCC in actinic cheilitis | biopsy |
| actinic cheilitis treatment | vermilionectomy, ablation with CO2, electrodesiccation & dermabrasion, fluorouracil |
| maybe caused by tobacco use, alcohol abuse, trauma, and C. albicans infection or maybe due to iron deficiency | IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA |
| IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA etiology | tobacco use, alcohol abuse, trauma, and C. albicans infection, iron deficiency |
| vague whiteness on a base of uninflamed, normal-appearing tissue to a definitive white, thickened, leathery, fissured, verrucous (wartlike) lesion | IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA |
| thickened, white patches form on the gums, on the buccal mucosa and sometimes on the tongue | IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA |
| usually as a result of chronic irritation | IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA |
| irritation can also come from ill-fitting dentures, long-term alcohol use. Tobacco, either smoked or chewed, is the main culprit | IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA |
| IDIOPATHIC LEUKOPLAKIA treatment | surgical removal for small lesions; periodic examination and biopsy to check malignant transformation |
| tobacco, alcohol, nutritional defects, any cause of oral cancer | ERYTHROPLAKIA |
| ERYTHROPLAKIA etiology | tobacco, alcohol, nutritional defects, any cause of oral cancer |
| red patch on oral mucous membranes; most common location are the tongue, floor of the mouth, retromolar mucosa | ERYTHROPLAKIA |
| age range 50-70; Represents a severe dysplasia or carcinoma | ERYTHROPLAKIA |
| red patch with focal white areas representing keratosis | ERYTHROPLAKIA |
| ERYTHROPLAKIA treatment | Surgical excision |
| rapidly growing skin cancer usually appearing as a volcano-like bump on the sun-exposed skin of middle-aged and elderly individuals. | KERATOACANTHOMA |
| scientists consider to be a less serious form of squamous cell carcinoma. | KERATOACANTHOMA |
| Age over 50; Fair skin, light hair, or light eyes; Male; Chronic exposure to sunlight or other ultraviolet light; Exposure to certain chemicals, such as tar Exposure to radiation, such as radiotherapy treatment for internal cancers | KERATOACANTHOMA |
| Long-term suppression of the immune system, such as organ transplant recipients;Long-term presence of scars, such as from a gasoline burn; chronic ulcers | KERATOACANTHOMA |
| Presence of particular strains of the wart virus (human papillomavirus);Previous skin cancer | KERATOACANTHOMA |
| appears and grows rapidly over the course of 2-6 weeks. Starting as a small, pimple-like lesion into a dome-shaped, skin colored nodule with a central depression filled with keratin | KERATOACANTHOMA |
| size range is from 1-2.5 cm. Can be asymptomatic or itchy. may interfere with normal function of the affected area | KERATOACANTHOMA |
| KERATOACANTHOMA prevention | avoid UV light exposure (tanning/sunlight), broad spectrum sunscreens, wide brin hats and long sleeve shirts, avoid sun (10:00am-3:00pm) |
| When to Seek Medical Care for keratoacanthoma | develop a new bump on sun exposed skin, spot that bleeds easily/ not healing; existing spot changes in size, shape, color, or texture; starts to itch, bleed, or become sore to the touch |
| KERATOACANTHOMA treatment | cryosurgery, Electrodesiccation and curettage, Excision. |
| also known as "scrape and burn." | Electrodesiccation and curettage |
| Freezing with liquid nitrogen in which very cold liquid nitrogen is sprayed on | cryosurgery |
| lip shave procedure | vermilionectomy |
| recommend destruction of the damaged cells with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser | ablation |
| electric current to destroy the precancerous cells | electrodesiccation |
| facial sanding technique | dermabrasion |
| most keratoacanthoma spontaneously disappear (resolve) within 6 months, leaving a _____. | depressed scar |
| refers to a clinicopathologic concept implying a locally aggressive, clinically exophytic, low-grade, welldifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with minimal metastatic potential | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| a low-grade tumor that generally is considered a clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma. | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| In 1948, ____ first described verrucous carcinoma, a low-grade tumor that generally is considered a clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma. | Ackerman |
| Early lesions appear as white, translucent patches on an erythematous base. They may develop in previous areas of leukoplakia, lichen planus, chronic lupus erythematosus, cheilitis, or candidiasis | Oral verrucous carcinoma |
| The more fully developed lesions are white cauliflower-like papillomas with a pebbly surface that may extend and coalesce over large areas of the oral mucosa | Oral verrucous carcinoma |
| Ulceration, fistulation, and invasion locally into soft tissues and bone (eg, mandible) may occur. Painful nonmalignant lymphadenopathy can be seen with concurrent infection. | Oral verrucous carcinoma |
| Tumors most often grow around the lymph nodes rather than metastasizing to them. If metastases do occur, they usually remain limited to the regional lymph nodes | Oral verrucous carcinoma |
| Oral verrucous carcinoma aka | Ackerman tumor, oral florid papillomatosis |
| Common locations include the buccal mucosa, alveolar ridge, upper and lower gingiva, floor of mouth, tongue, tonsil, and vermilion border of the lip. | Oral verrucous carcinoma |
| HPV infection is thought to facilitate or cause ______of the penis, vulva, and periungual region. | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| Chronic inflammation may lead to the development of ______. | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| Inflammatory diseases (eg, long-standing oral ulcerative lichen planus) seem to predispose patients to the development of _____. Also found in patients who chewed tobacco and betel nuts and dipped snuffs | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| Pathophysiology of verrucous carcinoma: Leading theories include , | human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (anourogenital and some oral and sole lesions) |
| Pathophysiology of verrucous carcinoma: oral lesions due to | betel nut chewing |
| Pathophysiology of verrucous carcinoma: chemical carcinogenesis induced by | smoking and chewing tobacco |
| >60yrs, male; gingiva, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, hard palate, floor of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, penis, vagina, scrotum; It's a slow growing, diffuse, exophytic lesion usually covered by Leukoplakik patches. | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| Invasive lesions quickly invade bones; Enlarged regional lymph nodes | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| It is rapidly become fixed with underlying periosteum and cause gradual destruction of jaw bone. | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| Lesion shows painful multiple rugae like folds and deep clefts between them. | VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA |
| VERRUCUOUS CARCINOMA treatment | Surgical excision or laser therapy |
| Verrucous carcinoma mortality usually is because of _____ rather than metastatic spread | local invasion |
| Morbidity results from__________ and occasionally from perineural, muscle, and even bone invasion | local skin and soft tissue destruction |
| prognosis of verrucous carcinoma | good |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS Pathogenesis Its unknown whether same mechanism of ____ (catabolite of benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke) binds p53 mutational hot spots as in lung carcinoma | BPDE |
| catabolite of benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke | BPDE |
| _____affects cell replication and centromere replication | p53 mutation |
| men with long cigarette smoking history (male/female ratio 2- 3:1); >40 years | CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS |
| majority of patients are cigarette smokers, and many work in mining, smelting or woodworking industries; Present with pain in sinus | CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS |
| Patient presented with the most common features i.e., male with advanced disease misdiagnosed as sinusitis. | CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS |
| All neoplasms spread to the regional lymph nodes; Eventually spread to lungs and other distant sites | CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS |
| HISTO: Hyperchromatic nuclei with irregular outlines; Prominent nucleoli | CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS |
| HISTO: Can range from well to poorly differentiated May be keratinizing with pearl formation | CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: most common 59% | pain |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: second common 40% | oral symptoms |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: 3rd common 38% | facial swelling |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: 4th common 35% | nasal obstruction |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS COMMON SYMPTOMS: 5th common 25% | epistaxis |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS treatment | Chemotherapy, surgery and radiation |
| Maxillary sinus malignancies have a poor prognosis, with the five-year survival rate being ___ | 43% |
| overall survivial of carcinoma of the maxillary sinus | 52 months |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS PROGNOSIS:Advanced stage with __________ are highly predictive of poor prognosis. | regional and distant metastasis |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS PROGNOSIS:Extensive morbidity and mortality due to local disease with _______- | airway obstruction, hemorrhage, infection |
| CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS PROGNOSIS:Death usually due to | local spread |
