| Motivation | refers to the individual, internal process that directs, energises and sustains a person’s behaviour. |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | believes employees are motivated by satisfying a sequential order of the extrinsic to intrinsic needs of physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualism. |
| Physiological with example | the need for air, food, water, health. E.g., satisfactory pay for survival |
| Safety with example | the need for safety, shelter and stability. E.g., safe working conditions, job security |
| Social with example | the need for love, belonging, inclusion. E.g., teamwork, supportive management, involvement in decision making. |
| Self Esteem with example | the need for self-satisfaction, power, control, recognition. E.g., responsibility, promotion, recognition |
| Self Actualism | the need for development, creativity, growth. E.g., advancement opportunities |
| Intrinsic and Extrinsic meaning | - Extrinsic involves doing something because you want to earn a reward
- Intrinsic involves doing something for personal reward |
| Locke and Latham's Goal Setting Theory | believes employees are driven by setting goals that provide clarity, are challenging, have the right level of task complexity, encourage commitment and provide feedback. |
| Lawrence and Nohria's Four Drive Theory | believes that employees are motivated by the drive to acquire bond, learn and defend. |
| Drive to Acquire (provide example) | is the desire to own material goods, gain status, power and achievement. E.g., matching wage to other businesses, recognising good performance and tying rewards to performance improvement. |
| Drive to Bond (provide example) | desire to form positive relationships with other individuals and have a sense of belonging. E.g., interact positively with employees, recognising collective achievement, create environment for relationships. |
| Drive to Learn (provide example) | desire to satisfy curiosity, learn new skills. E.g., provide training, tasks are made interesting. |
| Drive to Defend (provide example) | desire to feel safe and have trust between co-workers & managers. E.g., OH&S training, welcoming culture. |
