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level: Level 1 of Chapter 17

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 17

Question	Answer
How are alcohols named?	Alcohols are names by adding '-anol' to the alkane stem
When electrophillic addition of steam, H₂O, to the alkene, using a concentrated phosphoric(V) acids, H₃PO₄, catalyst. What is the formula for this reaction?	C₂H₄ + H₂O → HOCH₂CH₂OH
Oxidation of alkenes with cold, dilute .................... to form a diol	Acidified potassium manganate(VII)
Reduction of an aldehyde (to form a primary alcohol) or a ketone (to form a secondary alcohol) using a reducing agent, such as ........ or........	NaBH₄ LiAIH₄
When ignited, the alcohols react with oxygen in the air. Including the products of this reaction, What is the formula?	alcohol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Substitution reaction with a hydrogen halide, such as hydrogen chloride, the -OH group in the alcohols is replaced by a halogen atom. This produces a .....	Halogenoalkane
What is the general equation for halogenoalkanes	alcohol + hydrogen halide → halogenoalkanes + water
What is the reaction called that involves the breaking of O-H bonds in alcohols	esterification
What is the general equation for esterification	carboxylic acid + alcohol ≍ ester + water
Esters can be hydrolysed by....	heating under reflux an acid or a base
As the small molecule removed from the alcohol molecules is H₂O, this reaction is also known as	dehydration
Primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidised by ......., acidified with .......	potassium dichromate (VI) solution, K₂Cr₂O₇ dilute sulfuric acid
What reaction takes place when, Tertiary alcohols, a mixture of the tertiary alcohol, dilute sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate(VI) when warmed	No reaction takes place
Primary alcohols can be oxidised to aldehydes, which are then further oxidised to form.....	Carboxylic acids
Rrimary alcohol is refluxed with ............solution	acidified potassium chromate (VI)
Carboxylic acids are also made from nitriles, R-C㆔N. How?	When a nitrile is refluxed with dilute hydrochloric acid, hydrolysis occurs. The -C㆔N group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain is converted ti the -COOH group, forming a carboxylic acid
Why are Carboxylic acids described as weak acids?	Their molecules do not dissociate (ionise) completely when added to water
Carboxylic acids can be reduced by ......to form primary alcohols	LiAIH₄ in dry ether