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level: Level 6 - DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

Question	Answer
are a treatment option for hypertensive patients with concomitant heart disease or heart failure. MOA: reduce blood pressure by: 1 decreasing cardiac output 2 decrease sympathetic outflow from the CNS 3 inhibit release of renin from the kidneys, thus decreasing the formation of angiotensin II and the secretion of aldosterone	β-ADRENOCEPTOR–BLOCKING AGENTS (BB)
The prototype β-blocker which acts at both β1 and β2 receptors.	propranolol
Selective β1 blockers , the most commonly prescribed βB	Metoprolol, atenolol
is a selective β1 receptors blocker, which also increases the production of nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation	Nebivolol
Nonselective BB causes bronchoconstriction thus not to be used in __ patients due to their blockade of β2-mediated bronchodilation.	Asthmatic can precipitate bronchospasm in patients with bronchial asthma
Adverse effects of BB	1 Common effects: bradycardia, hypotension, and CNS side effects such as fatigue, lethargy, and insomnia βB may decrease libido and cause erectile dysfunction, which can severely reduce patient compliance. 2 Alterations in serum lipid patterns 3 Drug withdrawal: Abrupt withdrawal may induce ANGINA, MI, and even sudden death in patients with ischemic heart disease.