level: Level 10
Questions and Answers List
Headache
level questions: Level 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most Common Types of Headaches | 1 Migraine (pulsatile, throbbing pain) 2 Tension-type (dull pain with a persistent, tightening feeling in the head) 3 Cluster headaches (excruciating, sharp, steady pain) |
| Two Types of Migraine | 1 Migraine without aura 2 Migraine with aura |
| severe, unilateral, pulsating headache that typically lasts from 2- 72hrs - Often aggravated by physical activity and are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia | Migraine without aura |
| the headache is preceded by neurologic symptoms called auras, which can be visual (flashes, zigzag lines, glare – occurs 20-40 mins before headache pain begins), sensory and/or speech or motor disturbances | Migraine with aura |
| Symptomatic Treatment of Acute Migraine | • Nonspecific treatments: ----- Analgesics (NSAIDs) -----Anti-emetic (Prochlorperazine) • Opioids (reserved only) • Triptans • Ergot alkaloids |
| TRIPTANS | • Almotriptan • Eletriptan • Frovatriptan – longest-acting (t1/2 = more than 24 hrs) • Naratriptan • Rizatriptan • Sumatriptan (prototype) – given SQ, intranasally, orally • Zolmitriptan – given orally or by nasal spray |
| ERGOT ALKALOIDS | 1 Ergotamine -- (sublingual, oral, suppository w/ caffeine) 2 Dihydroergotamine -- semisynthetic (IV or intranasal) |
| Prophylaxis of Migraine | •Beta-blockers (DOC) •CCB (Verapamil) – alternative •Anticonvulsants – Divalproex •Antidepressants - TCAs |