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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
are oxygenation products of polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids	EICOSANOID
Eicosanoid Pathway	1 Stimulus (Injury) 2 Production of Phospholipid 3 Enzyme phospholipase A2 will release Arachidonic Acid 4 two enzymes reacts with Arachidonic Acid (Cyclooxygenase&Lipoxygenase) 5 COX will produce many forms of Prostaglandin 6 LOX will produce HPETE (Glutathione peroxidase)
Pathway of Omega 6 Fatty acids (n-6 FA)	1 Omega 6 Fatty Acids 2 Arachidonic Acid 3 It will then become COX, LOX and CYTP (Cytochrome P450)
SYNTHESIS OF EICOSANOIDS	•Cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway •Lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway
Produces all eicosanoids with ring structure (PG, TXA, PGI) Two types of COX: 1 COX-1 2 COX-2	COX PATHWAY
• Responsible for the physiologic production of prostanoids • A constitutive enzyme that regulates normal cellular processes, such as gastric cytoprotection, vascular homeostasis, platelet aggregation & reproductive & kidney functions "HOUSE KEEPING" such as gastric epithelial cytoprotection GOOD COX	CYCLOOXYGENASE-1 Prostaglandin (PG) H Synthase 1
• Causes the elevated production of prostanoids that occurs in sites of chronic disease and inflammation • Constitutively expressed in tissues such as brain, kidney & bone • Expression is induced by inflammatory mediators like TNF-α and IL-1 BAD COX	CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 PGH Synthase -2
Difference of COX 1 AND COX 2	COX 2 - Larger and more Flexible substrate channel; Larger space at the site where Inhibitors Bind
The differences of COX 1 & COX 2 permit the development of __	COX 2 - Selective Inhibitors
This pathway forms leukotrienes	LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY
Most investigated Produced by the 5-LOX Associated with ASTHMA, ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK	Leukotrienes
• Also known as “EICOSA” (20 carbon atoms) • Unsaturated fatty acid derivatives containing 20 CARBONS that include a cyclic ring structure • Generally ACT LOCALLY ON THE TISSUES in which they are synthesized & are RAPIDLY METABOLIZED TO INACTIVE PRODUCTS AT THEIR SITES OF ACTION	PROSTAGLANDINS