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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
act on receptors (muscarinic or nicotinic) that are activated by acetylcholine (ACh)	Cholinergic Agonists
drugs that mimic the actions of acetylcholine	Cholinomimetic Drugs
neurotransmitter on the following sites: – preganglionic fibers terminating in the adrenal medulla – autonomic ganglia (both sympathetic & parasympathetic) – postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division – postganglionic sympathetic divison of sweat glands – cholinergic neurons that innervate the muscles of the somatic system	Acetylcholine (ACh)
Neurotransmission at Cholinergic Neurons	1. Synthesis 2. Storage 3. Release 4. Binding of ACh to a receptor 5. Degregadation of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft 6. Recycling of choline and acetate
• belongs to the class of G protein coupled receptors (metabotropic) • 5 subtypes but M1, M2 and M3 have been functionally characterized • named after the alkaloid muscarine that mimics the effects of acetylcholine	Muscarinic Receptor
1) M1 receptor focus 2) M2 receptor focus 3) M3 receptor focus	1 GIT 2 Heart 3 Smooth muscles and exocrine glands
• drugs that bind in the muscarinic receptors and elicit pharmacological actions	Muscarinic Agonists
• Ligand-gate ion channel • ganglion and skeletal muscle receptors stimulated by low concentration of nicotine NM and NN	Nicotinic Receptors
1 Nicotinic receptor low concentration = 2 Nicotinic receptor high concentration =	1 Stimulation 2 Blockade
found in the neuromuscular junctions = skeletal muscle contraction or tremors	Nm
found in the CNS, adrenal medulla, autonomic ganglia = stimulation	Nn
Parasympathetic Effects	• D - Diarrhea/ Diaphoresis • U - Urination • M - Miosis • B - Bradycardia/ Bronchoconstriction • E - Emesis • L - Lacrimation • S – Salivation/Sweating
MOA: bind to and activate muscarinic or nicotinic receptors	Direct-acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
MOA: inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes acetylcholine to choline and acetic acid	Indirect-acting Drugs