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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes	PHARMACOLOGY
The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease.	Medical Pharmacology
The branch of pharmacology that deals with the UNDESIRABLE effects of chemicals on living systems, from individual cells to humans to complex ecosystems.	TOXICOLOGY
The science of drug preparation and the medical use of drugs -- the precursor of pharmacology	Materia Medica
Two General Principles (PHARMACOLOGY)	1 All substances can under circumstances be toxic, and the chemicals in botanicals are no different from chemicals in manufactured drugs except for the proportion of impurities 2 All dietary supplements and all therapies promoted as health-enhancing should meet the same standards of efficacy and safety as conventional drugs and medical therapies
The study of the GENETIC VARIATIONS that cause differences in drug response among individuals or populations.	Pharmacogenomics (also called Pharmacogenetics)
the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug	Pharmacokinetics
the biochemical and physical effects of drugs and the mechanisms of drug actions	Pharmacodynamics
the use of drugs to prevent and treat disease	Pharmacotherapeutics
a scientific name that precisely describes its atomic and molecular structure	Chemical Name
Nonproprietary name Abbreviation of the chemical name	Generic Name
Brand name/ Proprietary name Selected by the drug company selling the product Protected by copyright	Trade Name
Family Drugs that share similar characteristics Ex: Beta-adrenergic blockers	Pharmacologic Class
Groups drugs by therapeutic use Ex: Antihypertensives	Therapeutic Class
1 the most active component in plants, react with acids to form a salt that can dissolve more readily in body fluids (Atropine, Nicotine, Colchicine, Hyoscine) 2 also an active component in plants (Ex: Digoxin, Senna)	1 Alkaloids 2 Glycosides
1 give products the ability to attract and hold water (Ex: Seaweed extractions) 2 of which the chief source is pine tree sap, commonly act as local irritants or as laxatives 3 thick and sometimes greasy liquids, are classified as volatile or fixed	1 Gums 2 Resins 3 Oils
POWER PLANT:	1 Alkaloids 2 Glycosides 3 Gums 4 Resins 5 Oils
Animal Magnetism Drugs obtained from animal sources	1 hormones such as insulin 2 oils and fats (usually fixed) - cod liver oil 3 enzymes - pancreatin and pepsin 4 vaccines
Mineral Springs: __	• Iron • Iodine • Epsom salt
Drugs produced in the laboratory	Down to DNA