| What is GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms)? | Is an organism that has had its DNA altered or modified in some way through genetic engineering. |
| Is an organisms that has had its DNA altered or modified in some way through genetic engineering
commonly used in foods and medicines | GMO (Genetically Modified Organsims) |
| GMO which was commonly used in foods and medicines has led to concern about: | the dangers they might cause to the environment and human health |
| A gene is moved from one non-closely related species to another | Transgenic |
| A gene is moved within the same species or a closely related species | Cisgenic/intragenic |
| How is GMO done? | By eliminating, or modifying or adding copies of specific genes often from other organisms through modern molecular biology techniques. |
| Other names of GMO | Recombinant DNA [rDNA]
Genetic engineering
Gene splicing |
| DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome. | Recombinant DNA [rDNA] |
| What is recombinant DNA [rDNA] | Are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome |
| Is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism | Genetic Engineering |
| Is the process of chemically cutting DNA in order to add bases to the DNA strand | Gene splicing |
| The two most common types of GMOs are: | Foods- canola, soya bean, golden rice, corn and aspartame
Medicines- insulin, hormones and vitamins |
| Food GMO's:
crops are modified so:
Some GMO's are modified to: | when farmer kill weeds with herbicides, the crops can withstand the exposure to the herbicide - killing the weeds and not the crop
to increase their nutrient content |
| Medicine GMO's:
Genetically modified medicines can be produced:
are some examples of Medicine GMO's:
being the oldest among the Medicine GMO's: | cheaper and easier
Insulin, thyroid hormones and hepatitis B vaccine
Insulin being the oldest |
| Other types of GMO's: | Plants and Crops
Microbes
Mammals
Insects
Aquatic Life |
| GMO's history: first creation of GMO in the year: | 1973 |
| GMO's history: In 1973, in the first creation of GMO, it was then introduced to: | farmers after years of testing and research |
| GMO's history: GMO food was then available in stores in: | 1990 |
| The first to synthesize insulin:
Created a human growth hormone that were used to dwarf children | Genentech |
| Genentech, was the first to synthesize insulin in what year? | 1978 |
| Was the first consumer product developed through bioengineering: | Genentech's Humulin |
| Introduced a bovine growth hormone used in cows to increase milk production
The first to modify a plant cell in 1983: | Monsanto |
| Monsanto introduced a bovine growth hormone used in cows to increase milk production in: | 1982 |
| Monsanto in 1982, introduced what that was used in cows to increase milk production: | bovine growth hormone |
| Monsanto in 1982, introduced bovine growth hormone used in: | cows to increase mild production |
| Monsanto was the first to modify what in 1983: | a plant cell |
| Monsanto was the first to modify a plant cell in what year: | 1983 |
| What was the first FDA approved GMO: | a tomato |
| A tomato was the first FDA approved GMO in: | 1992 |
| The tomato that was the first FDA approved GMO in 1992 is called: | Calgene's Flavr Savr |
| Calgene's flavr Savr (tomato) was genetically engineered to: | remain firmed for a longer period of time |
| Calgene's Flavr Savr is licensed in what year: | 1994 |
| How many percent planted at US soil are GMO's: | 93% |
| Are planted 93% at US soil are GMO's
used in products such as animal feed, prepackaged meals | soybeans |
| How many percent are corn planted at US soil are GMO's | 83% |
| Corn are used as: | sugar substitutes such as high fructose corn syrup |
| Soybeans are used in products such as: | animal feed, prepackaged meals |
| 86% planted at US soil are GMO's,
Used as sugar substitutes such as high fructose corn syrup | Corn |
| Examples of Potential Benefits and Risk of GMO:
Advantage: it contains Vitamin A so that children in developing countries will not be blind
Disadvantage: Poor countries becomes dependent on rich countries which have the techniques for engineering. | Golden Rice |
| Examples of Potential Benefits and Risk of GMO: Golden Rice Advantage: | it contains Vitamin A so that children in developing countries will not be blind. |
| Examples of Potential Benefits and Risk of GMO: Golden Rice: Disadvantage: | Poor countries becomes dependent on rich countries which have the techniques for engineering |
| Examples of Potential Benefits and Risk of GMO:
Advantage: No longer use of insecticides
The farmers don't need to deal with toxic
Disadvantage: Insects can become resistant to the poison
Endangered butterflies are in bigger threat. | Sweet Corn |
| Examples of Potential Benefits and Risk of GMO: Sweet Corn: Advantage | No longer use of insecticides
The farmers don't need to deal with toxic |
| Examples of Potential Benefits and Risk of GMO: Sweet Corn: Disadvantage: | Insects can become resistant to the poison
Endangered butterflies are in bigger threat |
| Examples of Potential Benefits and Risk of GMO:
Advantage: Remain fresh longer
Can tolerate a longer transport time
Disadvantage: Resistant to antibiotics | Long Lasting Tomatoes |
| What are peoples concern? | Is this food safe?
Should be food labeled?
Are there adverse environmental effects?
Patenting of seeds
Discrimination against the poor
Who benefits? |
| Environmental Hazards from Pesticides: | Substantial Health Impacts on Workers
Pollution of natural ecosystems/waterways
Loss of insect biodiversity in agroecosystems
Creation of secondary pests
Creation of insect races resistant to pesticides |
| GMO's Advantages | Reduce use of pesticides and other toxic chemicals
Desired characteristic of food are achieved in a shorter period of time
Improves nutritional value
Many people rely on GM for food for medicines
Gene technology is the best solution to the problem of world hunger |
| GMO's Disadvantages: | Unacceptable to some groups to copy genes
Interfere in food chain
Genetically engineered animals may suffer more health problems
Allergic reactions
Genetic pollution |
