| an impaired of mental functioning that includes: bad judgment, impaired memory, disorientation to time, place, situation or person, difficulty making decision | confusion |
| possible cause of confusion can be | Dehydration |
| comes on, quickly over hour or days | delirium |
| a stage consciousness consisting of: confusion, distractibility, disorientated, aviation, disordered thinking, hallucination/delusion | delirium |
| PROGRESSIVE impairment of intellectual (cognitive) function that interferes with normal social & occupational activities | dementia |
| characterized by loss pf memory & at least one other disturbance of intellectual functions (orientation, valuation, language, or motor skills | dementia |
| it affects short term, intermediate and long term memory | dementia |
| inability to understand words | Aphasia |
| inability to recognize familiar object | Agnosia |
| problem manipulating things, movements | Apraxia |
| difficulty writing an drawing | Agraphia |
| Characteristics: difficulty with abstract thinking/ Aphasia / Agnosia / Apraxia / Agraphia / personality change | dementia |
| difference of delirium and dementia | onset/ activity/ duration/ speech&language/ time of day/ mood&affect/ cognitive impairment/ delusions or hallucinations |
| how to diagnosing dementia | medical history, exam, functional assessment and characteristics changes in thinking & behavior can help diagnosis |
| progressive disorder in which the brain atrophies | alzheimers |
| most common cause of dementia | alzheimers |
| focuses on genie, viral entertainment and immunologic cause | alzheimers |
| 6th leading cause of death/ hits people over 60 year old | alzheimers |
| people survive average ____ 4 to 8 years (or 20) | alzheimer |
| slow, uncertain, irreversible and progressive | alzheimer |
| Diagnosing Alzheimer | neurological exam
mental staus test
brain imaging
MRI/CT/PET |
| loss of cortical neurons | etiology/pathophysiology: Alzheimer |
| enlarged ventricles | etiology/pathophysiology: Alzheimer |
| senile plaques (deposits of protein fragments that build up in between nerve cells | etiology/pathophysiology: Alzheimer |
| elevated levels of homocysteine(amino acids) places individuals at an increase risk. | etiology/pathophysiology: Alzheimer |
| stages of Alzheimers: memory loss, difficulty focusing, trouble planning/organizing, can work&be part of social activities, can function independently, fam&friends can notice difference | early stage |
| stages of Alzheimer's: the longest stage, difficulty with language, object recognition, memory lapses, disoriented to time& place, loses ability to recognize familiar faces/places/objects, loss of impulse control, behavioral manifestation, symptoms are more pronounced, very noticeable | middle stage |
| stages of Alzheimers: little to no response to surrounding or recognition of family member, total disorientation to person/place/time, needs complete assistance with daily activities and personal care, incontinence, Apraxia, Agnosia, Agraphia, symptoms are severe | late/final stage |
| second most cause of dementia | Multiinfarct dementia or vascular dementia |
| -for dementia pt what kind of intervention are important what do you do | no cludder/ quite/ calm |
| -what is the word for a pt inability to name a object | agnosia |
| -what are symptoms of early stage of Alzheimer's | mild forgetfulness |
| -what symptoms of middle stage of Alzheimer's | Difficultness/ object recognition |
| -what symptoms of late stage of Alzheimer's | envcotten/inability to communicate/ lose self care |
| what kind of dementia commonly results with hypertension | multi infart des (MID) |
| -what are the pathopysology for Alzheimer's what happens to brain | Conical neron, senil plax, neuron tangles |
| -average life span for someone with Alzheimer's | 8 years |
| -if your pt has dementia what kind of things are u gonna do as a nurse with the pt, how do you provide plan of care | speak calmly, late terms, short senescences, slow speech, give them same daily routine |
| -what kind of dementia is a virus, rare, rapidly progressive, terminal within 6-12 months, no treatment | Jacob deases |
| -what is it called when a pt has difficulty writing and drawing | Agraphia |
| -delirium is | short term |
| -Chronic is | long term |
| -dementia is | long term |
| -another name for something dementia | vascular dementia |
| -how to confirm someone has Alzheimer's | Atrophy, biopsy |
| -cause of delirium | fever, dehydration, electrolytes, pain meds |
| -what are characteristics of delirium | Reversible |
| -main things that can cause delirium (more in women) | UTI |
| UTI symptoms | burning, cloudy iron, odor, urge to pee |
