| Backgound for collection and use of evidennce from witness and suspects | Loftus and Palmer - leading questions disort memory
standard interview -Police officer may have had little training
around interviewing witnesses.
▪ Police officers ask whatever questions they
feel are relevant.
▪ Interviewees are frequently interrupted.
▪ Police tend to ask short-answer questions.
Cognitive interview -
▪ Police officers will have had intense training
on the technique.
▪ Involves 4 stages which use open questions
and allows free recall of information.
▪ Interviewees are not interrupted by the
interviewers. |
| What is the enhanced interview | . Getting the social dynamics right. This involves personalising the interview and establishing a rapport
with the interviewee.
2. Facilitating communication and control. Witness must be given the control of the interview so
encourage them to report everything.
3. Free reporting and context reinstatement. This stage obtains the most accurate information.
4. Use of open-ended questions or prompts to encourage detailed responses. Extensive retrieval can
also be aided by asking the witness to recall the event in a different time order.
5. Introduce important questions to the investigation, such as information that has not already been
mentioned by the witness.
6. Closure for the witness leaving them in a positive frame of mind.
7. The interviewer should evaluate the interview by listening to or watching the recording |
| What is the Reid technique and what does it cause | 9 step technique |
| types of interviews | standard and cognitive .
standard - little training, their own questions , interviewees interupted
cognitive - intense training , involves 4 stages - report everything, context reinstatement, recall in different order and recall from a different perspective,
interviewees not interupted |
| what can the reid technique lead to | false confessions
confirmation bias - interogator goes of their own belief |
| difference between enhanced and cognitive | enhanced has social dynamics right, personalising the interview
giving witness the control of the interview
closure for witness them in a positive mind |
| Key research Memon and Higham themes | effectiveness of cognitive interview
comparing the cognitive interview with other interviews methods
measuring memory performance
Quality of training |
| Key research Memon and Higham results | contect reinstatement is most affective but using all parts of CI would be good
needs to be more training in CI |
| Evaluation of Memon and Higham | Useful - increases understanding as CI increases memory recall , all 4 components best to use and highlights needs adequate training
CC- lab experiments and not real crimes
Supports Psych as science - quantifable measures such as stats and control groups |
| Stratergies for police interviews | P - Preparation and planning
E - Engage and explain
A - Account, clarification, challenge
C - Closure
E - Evaluation
Peace framwork |
