| Key research Barkley and Galvin method | quasi experiment using an independent measures design in a lab enviornment
iv- adult or adolescentt
dv-the no of gambles they did in the spinner game |
| Key research Barkley and Galvin sample | 19 healthy right handed adults . group 1
22 right handed adolescent - group 2
volunteer sampling |
| Procedure for Key research Barkley and Galvin | visited the lab on two occasions for an intake session and FMRI scan
sesssion 1 - asked question about their income , to control the their perceptions of the risks associated with gambling, gave 20 dollars to be used in the next session
session 2 - came back a week later, FMRI scan whilst gambling , shown a spinner of what they could win and given a choice if they wanted to gamble , gamble played at the end to see if they could add to their money or loose it |
| Summary of results Key research Barkley and Galvin | No significant differences were found between adults and adolescent in the trials where no risks was involved
in both groups on the FMRI increase activity in medial prefrontal cortex , decrease in amygdala
Adolescents had more activity in the left ventral striatium which increased as the expected increases |
| What is the ventral striatium associated with | high reward and pleasure |
| Evaluation Key research Barkley and Galvin | W-Validity - pop v - small sample
- deterministic - takes away accountability suggesting gambling in adolescents is down to the way their brain develops
S- useful - educate on how their predispositioned to gamble and suggest safe measure and preventions n
-psych as a science - objective measures , reliable |
| What happens in the early brain development | the brain develops back to front such as regions assoiciated with visual infomation
high frequency of synaptogenesis during the first few years so more synaptic connections than an adult , synaptic pruning begins to occur
BACK TO FRONT
SYNAPOTGENESIS
SYNAPTIC PRUNING |
| What is synaptic pruning | promotes organisation in the brain by destroying the weakest synapses |
| what is synaptogenesis | new synapses formed between neurones causing networks to form |
| Adolescent brain developing | Synaptic pruning occurs , neurones that survive this become myelinated
the prefrontal cortex is last to mature that is involed in risk taking bhv as it prevents impulses |
| Why is adolescent brain devlopement can lead to risk taking bhv | pre frontal cortex develops last which means impluses to do things are more likely to occur as it impulse prevention is not matured yet
summarily with the ventral stiatium which is associated with rewards that adolescents tend to have a higher activity in |
| Application of risk taking bhvs | positive reinforcement to increase positive behaviour by rewarding non risk taking bhv
also through slt learning through consequences from media campaigns |
| What is the graduated driving license scheme | curfew between 10pm and 5 in the morning
and no passengers under 30 to decrease risk taking bhv in the united states by reducing the opportunities such as speeding or drink driving reducing negative outcomes |
