| What types of lipids & bonds are specific to archaea ? | isoprenoid ether lipids - so ether bonded |
| Some archaea form ... for their membranes instead of bilayers | monolayers (2 polar heads with 1 polar tail in between) |
| What is the type of molecule that makes of a monolayer called? | Tetraether lipid / GDGT (4 ether bonds) |
| What is the type of molecule called that makes up a bilayer in archaea | diether lipid / archaeol |
| Crenarchaeol (GDGT with a cyclohexane ring) is specific for ... ? | ammonium oxidizing thaumarchaeota |
| Isoprenoid ether lipids with low 13C contents are specific for ... | methanotrophic archaea |
| Dietherlipid with a C25 isoprenoid chain may be specific for ... | halophilic (salt loving) archaea |
| Crenarchaeota are ... and make ... | hyperthermophyles - cyclopentane rings in their monolayer lipids (tetraether GDGTs-n) |
| euryarcheaota are for example .... and .... . How are their membranes structured? | halophiles and methanogens . They have bilayers of archaeol or monolayers of GDGTs |
| how do we analyse tetraetherlipids? | take off the head groups leaving the carbon skeleton and its rings to be analysed with GC-MS. LC-MS nowadays more suitable for larger molecules if soluble. |
| Ether bonds of archaea are very... | strong and resitant to acids compared to ester bond |
| Covalently bonded monolayers are.. | stronger than bilayers |
| Non extremophiles can for example be found in... | soils, lakes and peats |
| Thaumarchaeota are the ones making ... | crenarchaeol - GDGT with 4 cyclopentanes and 1 cyclohexane |
| what is crenarchaeol a biomarker for? | thaumarchaeota - ammonia oxidizing archaea (and so ammonia oxidation) |
| ammonium oxidation by thaumarcheaota uses ... and releases ... | ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2 -) (increases when thaumarchaeota bloom) |
| thaumarchaeota do not need, but are in competition for ... | light, ammonia |
| crenarchaeols from thamarcheaota can be found up until and in the ... | the cretaceous |
| crenarcheol hate.. . And why does this matter? | free sulphite, causes them not to occur that much anymore at great depth (2000m) |
| Crenarcheol don't show 13C depletion of methane because | they are in the nitrogen cycle not in methane cycle |
| occurrence in archae of GDGTs. | yeh no question, just loook at it for a second |
| irregylar acyclic isoprenoids - characteristic for ? and because? | methanogens & anaerobic oxidation of methane - depletion in 13C due to methane cycle - so archae involved in methane cycle |
