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level: DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: DRUGS

Question	Answer
an imidazopyridine αLPHA 1 subunit of BZD GABA A binding site, rapid onset of action, short t1/2 → treats INSOMNIA (sleep maintenance)	Zolpidem (Ambien)
a cyclopyrrolone 'superagonist': α1β2γ2 and α1β2γ3, longer t1/2, FOR PATIENT WHO AWAKEN AT NIGHT	Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
short acting non-BZD hypnotic, short t1/2 more rapid onset of action than Zolpidem initiate sleep instead of keeping sleep	ZALEPLON (Sonata, pyrazolopyrimidine)
Melatonin Receptor Agonist (TARGETS Melatonin) M1 - sleepiness ® M2 and M3: CIRCADIAN RHYTHM Supplement: sleep aid Poor hypnotic> Poor potency, Poor absorption, Poor oral bioavailability, Rapid metabolism No addiction liability	Ramelteon (Rozerem)
DOC for Anxiety (Pentobarbital and Amobarbital) and Insomnia Sedative-hypnotic drug binds to allosteric recognition site on GABAA receptor INCREASE DURATION of the GABA-gated Cl- channel openings 'GABA mimetic effect'- ↑ ion flux → CNS depression	BARBITURATES
Anticonvulsant> seizures in children	Phenobarbital (Luminal) (BARBITURATES)
Induction of Anesthesia	Thiopental (BARBITURATES)
Miscellaneous Sedative - Hypnotics	1 Amide and Imides 2 Alcohols & carbamate derivatives ex. Meprobamate
mild sedative-hypnotic, quick onset, short DOA	Ethchlorvynol, USP ( Placidyl) (Miscellaneous Sedative - Hypnotics)
anti-anxiety agent, sedative-hypnotic, muscle relaxant	Meprobamate, USP (Equanil, Miltown) (Miscellaneous Sedative - Hypnotics)
also called Neuroleptics (cause movement disorders) Major Tranquilizers Used primarily to treat schizophrenia, manic states with psychotic symptoms ( delusions, paranoia, hallucinations) DECREASES THE INTENSITY OF HALLUCINATIONS and DELUSIONS only	Antipsychotic drugs
Chloral hydrate + alcohol =	Mickey Finn Death
Characterized by positive and negative sx, a pattern of social and occupational deterioration Persist up to 6 months	Schizophrenia
States that the brain of schizophrenic patients produces MORE DOPAMINE than the brain of a normal person. Schizophrenics have high number of D2 receptors	Dopamine Hypothesis
Serotonin Hypothesis states that excess serotonin can induce psychotic symptoms. Supporting this hypothesis is the finding that hallucinogens acting as __ receptor agonists can produce psychotic symptoms indistinguishable from those of the active phase of schizophrenia	PARTIAL 5-HT2A
1ST GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS Blocks D2 receptors only treats positive symptoms only	Typical ANTIPSYCHOTICS
2ND GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS Blocks D2 and 5HT2A receptors treats positive and negative symptoms	Atypical ANTIPSYCHOTICS