| inflammation of bone cortex and marrow | Osteomyeltis |
| earliest phase of osteomyelitis | Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis |
| osteonecrosis | Bisphosphonates |
| Difficulty in swallowing | Dysphagia |
| Decreased sensation | Paresthesia |
| Predisposing factor of osteomyelitis | Condensing Osteitis |
| formation of granulomatous tissue | Acute pulpitis |
| immediate sequela of focal reversible pulpitis | Chronic pulpitis |
| first sign of distress to of the pulp | Pulp hyperemia |
| Asymptomatic reversible pulpitis | may result from incipient caries |
| internal resorption | appearance of "pink spots" |
| associated with regional lymphadenopathy | Acute periapical abscess |
| Primordial cyst develops through alteration of the reduced enamel epitheliumafter the crown of the tooth has been completely formed; with accumulation offl uid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the crown. | Both parts of the statement are FALSE. |
| Which of the following is best used to diagnose acute apical periodontitis | Percussion |
| In compound and complex odontomas, the epithelium and ectomesenchymerealize their potential and make enamel and dentin respectively. As aresult,these tumors are mostly radiodense | Both parts of the statement are TRUE |
| Small cyst keratin cysts of the newborn infant | Epstein pearl |
| A serious sequela of periapical infection which often results in a diffuse spreadof infection throughout the medullary spaces, with subsequent necrosis of avariable amount of bone. | Acute Suppurative Osteomyelitis |
| An area of radiolucency about the crown of an unerupted tooth which hasobviously completed its development suggests | Dentigerous cyst |
| Ground sections of early dental caries of enamel exhibit | Accentuated bands of Retzius and cross striations of enamel rods |
| The zone of fatty degeneration of Tomes’ fi bers is the most pulpal zone of thecone-shaped dentinal carious lesion. The next adjacent zone away from the pulpis the zone of | Dentinal sclerosis |
| Ameloblastic fi bromas is clearly benign and is ordinarily treated by vigorouscurettage. The recurrence rate is placed at about 50 %. | The first part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE |
| A unique type of cell death common to patient with Tuberculosis is known as | Caseous Necrosis |
| Which of the following lesions is most common?
Acute apical abscess
Chronic osteomyelitis
Chronic apical periodontitis
Suppurative apical periodontitis | Chronic apical periodontitis |
| Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor associated with an unerupted tooth andresembles a dentigerous cyst. Some AOTs produce calcifi cations that mayappear as “snow-fl ake” densities. | The first part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE. |
| The proteolysis-chelation theory of dental caries involves the bacterial attackon the enamel, initiated by keratinolytic microorganisms, consists in abreakdown of the protein and other organic components of enamel.Proteolysis is destruction of Organic portion of the tooth by chemicals | The first part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE. |
| Characterized by a radiopaque area found at the root apex of a youngpermanent tooth involved with a chronic pulpitis | Chronic Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis |
| The patient with Ludwig’s angina is extremely ill and manifests thecharacteristic features of exophthalmos with edema of the eyelids as well aschemosis; it also manifests a rapidly developing board-like swelling of the fl oorof the mouth and consequent elevation of the tongue. | The first part of the statement is FALSE, the second part is TRUE |
| Adenomatoid odontogenic Tumor is mostly of teenagers and males. This isfound mostly in the posterior segment of the mandible | Both parts of the statement are FALSE. |
| Which cyst is characterized by its unique microscopic appearance and frequentrecurrence? | Odontogenic keratocyst |
| All of the following are characteristic features of pulp necrosis, except:
Presence of discoloration
Electric pulp test elicits pulp vitality
No response to thermal tests
Asymptomatic tooth | Electric pulp test elicits pulp vitality |
| Mortifi cation of pulp is also known as; | Putrefaction |
| Conservative occlusal restorations of deep pit and fi ssures prior to cariesformation is: | Prophylactic Odontotomy |
| Bohns nodules or Epstein pearls are cysts that arise from | Dental lamina |
| A classifi cation of dental caries that follows the direction of enamel rods andforms triangular or cone shape with base towards the DEJ and apex towardsthe enamel surface. | Pit and fi ssure caries |
| A patient returned to the offi ce one week after a tooth was restored andcomplained of an intermittent, vague pain in the same quadrant. The thermalreaction test produced a quick, sharp contraction pain which passed awayimmediately. The electric pulp test produced more response than normal. Thecondition described probably is | Pulp Hyperemia |
| A vast number of chemical substances includes the following for the purpose ofcontrolling caries, except:
Substances which alter the tooth surface
Substances which control dental caries through nutritional or dietary means
Substances which interfere with carbohydrate degradation through enzymatic alterations
Substances which interfere with bacterial growth and metabolism | Substances which control dental caries through nutritional or dietary means |
| Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis of the mandible is characterized clinically by marked | Periosteal bone formation |
| Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis is essentially a | Proliferation of chronically infl amed pulp tissue |
| The gingival cyst of the adult is a cyst of gingival soft tissue that forms from,except: | Disturbance in the cutaneous epithelium |
| The most common cyst in the oral region | Radicular cyst |
| multiple,occasionally solitary,nodules on alveolar ridge of a newborn or very young infants | Dental Lamina cyst of newborn |
| cystic lining demonstrating characteristic “Ghost”epithelial cells | Gorlin cyst |
| most common Periodontal cyst that involves apex of erupted tooth | Apical Periodontal Cyst |
| Diseaseof the hard tissues of the teeth | caries |
| a hereditary conditiontransmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance and variable expressivity | basal cell nevus |
| The lateral periodontal cyst is defi ned by its location. In which area is the lateralperiodontal cyst most commonly found? | Between the mandibular cuspid and fi rst premolar |
| Most cases of pulpitis are caused by | Severe trauma |
| It has been suggested that the chewing gum would tend to prevent dentalcaries by its chemical cleansing action. But most chewing gums contain aconsiderable amount of carbohydrate and this might actually increase cariessusceptibility | The first part of the statement is FALSE, the second part is TRUE. |
| The earliest manifestation of caries of the enamel is the appearance beneaththe dental plaque of an area of decalcifi cation which resembles a smoothchalky white area; the fi rst change is usually a loss of the inter-prismatic orinterrod substance of the enamel with increased prominence of the rodsmicroscopically. | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| Ludwig’s angina is characterized by all of the following, except:
Subcutaneous emphysema
Rapid onset of pain, fi rm swelling
Involvement of submaxillary, sublingual and submental spaces
Dysplasia, dyspnea, and fever | Subcutaneous emphysema |
| Lateral periodontal cyst is an uncommon odontogenic cyst that appears toarise directly in the lateral periodontal ligament of an erupted tooth;radiographically, it appears as a thickening of the periodontal ligament at theroot apex. | The first part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE. |
| Which of the following is usually associated with a lateral periodontal cyst? | A vital tooth |
| The dental pulp is a delicate connective tissue liberally interspersed with tinyblood vessels, lymphatics, undifferentiated connective tissue cells; it does notreact to bacterial infection or to other stimuli by an infl ammatory response | The fi rst part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE. |
| Which of the following may be a cause of external tooth resorption? | Chronic inflammation |
| Sucrose in its liquid form consumed with meals causes no increase in dentalcaries compared to sugar ingested either between meals or in the form thatpersist in the oral cavity. Liquid and solid form sugar are equally cariogenic. | The first part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE. |
| Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor could be treated by an excision of asmall margin of its surrounding bone. It lacks a capsule but apparently doesnot infi ltrate as deeply into surrounding tissues as does a meloblastoma. | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| Mechanical measures for caries control involves the following, except:
Oral prophylaxis
Topical fl uoride application
Toothbrushing
Use of dental fl oss and toothpicks | Topical fluoride application |
| Odontogenic epithelium contributes to Ameloblastic fi bromas. However,odontogenic ectomesenchyme does not contribute to this tumor | The fi rst part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE. |
| Which of the following dental disturbances will most likely be associated withthe combined clinical fi ndings of mobility, feeling of elongation and pain uponpercussion of the affected tooth? | Periapical granuloma |
| Ameloblastic fi bromas are purely radiolucent. Small lesions may be unilocularbut larger lesions are ordinarily multilocular | Both parts of the statement are FALSE. |
| The acidogenic theory states that dental decay is a chemico-parasitic process.This consists of the decalcifi cation of enamel, which results in its totaldestruction and decalcifi cation of dentin as a preliminary stage, followed bydissolution of the softened residue | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| Which cyst develops in place of a tooth? | Primordial cyst |
| A patient complains of limited pain in the upper right quadrant caused bysweets and cold. Examination reveals a carious lesion on the secondpremolar. Vitality testing and radiographs are normal. The diagnosis is mostprobably | Reversible pulpitis |
| Odontogenic cysts arise from tooth-forming tissues. These tissues includedental lamina, enamel organ, and dental papilla. | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone | Periodontitis |
| breakdown of enamel | Caries |
| local gingival erythema and swelling | Gingivitis |
| Increased gastric secretion | Pregnancy |
| increased excretion of cytokines, leading to local inflammation | Diabetes |
| Thrombophlebitis is a severe cellulitis beginning in the submaxillary space andsecondarily involving the sublingual and submental spaces; it is also invariablyfatal, death occurring as a result of brain abscess or meningitis | The first part of the statement is FALSE, the second part is TRUE. |
| In Ameloblastic fi bromas, in the larger islands, peripheral palisading ofcolumnar cells with reverse nuclear polarity may be seen. However, seldom dothe islands and cords open up large enough to form central stellate reticulum. | Both parts of the statement are TRUE |
| Which of the following is characteristic of a primordial cyst?
Develops in place of a tooth
Attached to the apex of the tooth
Attached to the crown of a tooth
Remains after the tooth is extracted | Develops in place of a tooth |
| A regressive change in tooth structure manifested by the appearance of asmall polished facet on a cusp tip or ridge or a slight fl attening of an incisaledge. | Attrition |
| A radicular cyst is always associated with | Non vital tooth |
| The incomplete or defective formation of the organic enamel matrix of teeth iscalled; | Enamel Hypolasia |
| The earliest common symptom of acute pulpitis secondary to a carious lesion | Thermal sensitivity |
| Which if the following statement is FALSE?
Attrition is the wearing away of the tooth during mastication.
Bruxism is similar to mastication
Erosion is the loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical action.
Abrasion is caused by mechanical, repetitive habits. | Bruxism is similar to mastication |
| Periapical granuloma is one of the most common of all sequelae of pulpitis. Itis a true cyst, since the lesion consists of a pathologic cavity which is lined byepithelium and is often fl uid-fi lled | Both parts of the statement are TRUE |
| Which of the following appears radiopaque?
Periapical scar
Periapical abscess
Condensing osteitis
Early cementoma | Condensing osteitis |
| Dentigerous cyst can be defi ned as an odontogenic cyst that surrounds thecrown of an impacted tooth; caused by fl uid accumulation between thereduced enamel epithelium and the enamel surface, | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| Occlusal carious lesions is most easily recognized on the radiograph; itappears in early lesions as a small, triangular radiolucent area of the enameland later of the dentin. | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| The control of dental caries by mechanical measures refers to proceduresspecifi cally designed for and aimed at removal of debris from tooth surfaces;these measures includes the use of topical fl uoride application. | The first part of the statement is TRUE, the second part is FALSE. |
| Ameloblastic Fibroma is a tumor of early adulthood. The posterior segment ofthe mandible is the mostcommon location. | The first part of the statement is FALSE, the second part is TRUE. |
| Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is the most odontogenic tumor in thegroup because of its resemblance to odontogenic tissues. This tumor formsan amorphous material that is said to be amyloid or amyloid-like that calcifi esin a concentrically lamellated “tree-ring” pattern known as Liesegangcalcifi cations. | The first part of the statement is FALSE, the second part is TRUE. |
| Extensive acute infl ammation of the pulp is a frequent immediate sequela offocal reversible pulpitis; although it may also occur as an acute exacerbationof a chronic infl ammatory process. | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| A healthy pulp recovers from minimal injury by | Deposition of dentin |
| The greatest percentage of tooth loss in the fi rst two decades of life (exceptnatural loss of deciduous teeth) is due to | untreated dental caries |
| The spread of the disease depends upon a variety of factors and circumstanceswhich may alter its course at any point that includes the following except:
Type of organism
Physical state of the patient
Certain anatomic features and muscle attachments
Histologic features | Histologic features |
| The type of dental caries that is observed around the edges of restoration is: | Recurrent caries |
| Which cyst is an odontogenic intraosseous cyst that forms around the crownof a developing tooth? | Dentigerous cyst |
| Ameloblastomas are always purely radiolucent and may be unilocular butfrequently become multilocular as they increase in size. Ameloblastomas areunencapsulated and infi ltrates surrounding bone marrow. | Both parts of the statement are TRUE. |
| The process of dental caries consists of a | Demineralization of tooth substance and lysis of organic elements by an adherent community of microorganism |
| The following are causes of maxillary sinusitis except:
Infectious diseases
Local spread of infection in the adjoining frontal or paranasal sinuses
Traumatic injury of the sinuses with a superimposed infection
Iatrogenic factors | Iatrogenic factors |
| Characteristics of a cariogenic food are, except;
Sticky and solid carbohydrates
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
Refi ned and pure protein
Soft and retentive food | Refi ned and pure protein |
| Cellulitis of the face and neck most commonly results from dental infection,either as a sequela of an apical abscess or osteomyelitis, or followingperiodontal infection. The patient with cellulitis of the face or neck originatingfrom a dental infection is usually moderately ill and has an elevatedtemperature and leukocytosis. | Both parts of the statement is TRUE |
| A periapical cyst can be differentially diagnosed from a periapical granulomaon the basis of | Histopathology |
| The most common cause of the radicular cyst is: | Caries |
| Which cyst is not an odontogenic cyst?
Dentigerous cyst
Primordial cyst
Median palatal cyst
Lateral periodontal cyst | Median palatal cyst |
