| The strengths of pharmaceutical preparations are usually expressed in terms of __ | Percent Strength
(Ratio Strength may also be used) |
| The symbol % used without qualification (as with w/v, v/v, or w/w) means
1 __ for solutions or suspensions of solids in liquids;
2 __ for solutions of gases in liquids;
3 __ for solutions of liquids in liquids;
4 __ for mixtures of solids and semisolids. | 1 percent weight in volume
2 percent weight in volume (still)
3 percent volume in volume (Still)
4 weight in weight |
| To hasten dissolution, a pharmacist may employ one of several techniques, such as | 1 Applying heat,
2 Reducing the particle size of the solute,
3 using a SOLUBILIZING AGENT,
4 subjecting the ingredients to VIGOROUS AGITATION |
| On an industrial scale, solutions are prepared in large mixing vessels with ports for __ | mechanical stirrers |
| Most solutions intended for oral administration contain: | 1 Flavorants and colorants - attractive, palatable
2 Stabilizers - stability
3 Preservatives - prevent microbial growth |
| Liquid pharmaceuticals for oral administration are usually formulated such that the patient receives the usual dose of the medication in a conveniently administered volume, as 5mL, 10mL, or 15mL.
TRUE OR FALSE? | TRUE
Example: Magnesium Citrate Sol.: 200mL dose |
| A number of medicinal agents, particularly
certain antibiotics, for example, penicillin V,
have insufficient stability in aqueous solution to meet extended shelf-life periods.
Thus commercial manufacturers of these products provide them with __ | Dry powder or Granule form for reconstitution |
| 1 The dry powder mixture contains all of the formulative components, including drug, flavorant, colorant, buffers, and others, except for the __
2 Once reconstituted by the pharmacist, the solution remains stable when stored in the refrigerator for the labeled period, usually __ days, depending on the preparation. | 1 Solvent
2) 7 to 14 days |
| 1 In dispensing a commercially prepared ORAL SOLUTION,
The pharmacist should be sufficiently knowledgeable about the dispensed product to expertly advise the patient of the proper use, dosage, method of administration and storage of the product.
MUST BE KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT: __ | 1 SOLUBILITY and STABILITY characteristics of the medicinal agents
2 the SOLVENTS employed in the commercial products
3 useful to the pharmacist for informing the patient of the advisability of mixing the solution with JUICE, MILK, or other BEVERAGE upon administration. |
| usually effective in treatment of patients with mild volume depletion, 5 to 10% of body weight.
Glucose coupled with Sodium absorption | Oral Rehydration Solutions |
| In Oral Rehydration Solutions, Optimal concentrations:
1 A liter or typical oral rehydration solution contains | 1) 20 mEq K+
2) 25g dextrose
3) 30 mEq citrate
4) 35 mEq Cl-
5) 45 mEq Na+
It is important that the user add the specific amount of water needed to prepare the powder forms. |
| a colorless to slightly yellow, clear, effervescent liquid having a sweet, acidulous taste and a LEMON FLAVOR.
The solution is employed as a SALINE CATHARTIC with the citric acid, lemon oil, syrup, carbonation. | Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution
synonyms: Citrate or Citrate of Magnesia |
| Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution is prepared by: __
step by step | 1 Reacting official MAGNESIUM CARBONATE with an excess of CITRIC ACID
2 Flavoring and sweetening the solution with LEMON OIL and SYRUP
3 Filtering with TALC
4 Carbonating it by the addition of either POTASSIUM or SODIUM BICARBONATE |
| Oral Colonic Lavage Solution,
1 Preparation of the bowel for Colonoscopy
(checking for bumps in the GI Tract) | Clear liquid diet for 24-48 hrs before procedure
Administration of oral laxative such as Magnesium citrate or bisacodyl the night before
Cleansing enema administered 2-4 hrs prior to procedure
> POOR COMPLIANCE |
| Oral Colonic Lavage Solution,
1 acts as an osmotic agent within the gastrointestinal tract and the balanced electrolyte concentration results in virtually no net absorption or secretion of ions.
2 Recommended ADULT dose for this solution | 1 PEG
2) 4 LITERS
240 mL of solution every 10 min
1st bowel movement occur after 1 hour
No food 3 to 4 hours before taking the solution
Unlabeled use for management of acute iron overdose in children |
| 1 It is for uric acid and cystine calculi of
the urinary tract.
This official solution contains sodium citrate
100 mg and citric acid 67 mg in each milliliter
of aqueous solution.
2 The solution is administered orally in doses of __ as a systemic alkalinizer | 1 Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid Oral Solution
2) 10 to 30 ml / 4 times |
