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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
are “liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents”.	solutions
Pharmaceutical solution’s use, it may be classified as	Oral solution Otic solution Ophthalmic solution Topical solution
Solutions, because of their composition or use, may be classified as other pharmaceutical dosage forms such as: __	Syrups Elixirs Spirits/ Aromatic water Tinctures/ Fluidextracts Injections intended to provide systemic effects.
1 The __ of an agent in a particular solvent indicates the maximum concentration to which a solution may be prepared with that agent and that solvent. 2 When a solvent at a given temperature has dissolved all of the solute it can, it is said to be __ 3) 2 Official Aqueous Saturated solutions: __	1 solubility 2 saturated. 3) 1 Calcium hydroxide Topical Sol, USP 2 Potassium Iodide Oral solution, USP CaOH KI
Improving solubility:	1 A different SOLUBILIZING AGENT 2 A different CHEMICAL SALT FORM of the medicinal agent, 3 Alteration of the pH of a solution, 4 Substitution in part or in whole of the solvent
important factor in determining the solubility of a drug and in preparing its solution	Temperature Other factors including: 1 Physicochemical properties of both the solute and the solvent 2 pressure, 3 pH of the solution, 4 the state of subdivision of the solute, 5 physical agitation
1 the preferred solvent When it is used as the primary solvent, commonly an __ is also employed.	1 Water, Auxiliary solvent
Auxiliary Solvents	1 Alcohol, 2 Glycerin, 3 Propylene glycol
1 Organic compounds containing __ are somewhat soluble 2 the greater the number of polar groups, the greater solubility of organic compounds in water. TRUE OR FALSE? 3 Adding Halogen in compounds: Greater or Lesser solubility?	1) H bonds 2 TRUE 3 Lesser water solubility (↓ water solubility)
__ are useful solvents in the preparation of OLEAGINUS INJECTIONS and are recognized in the official compendia for this purpose.	1 Fixed Oils Corn oil, Cottonseed oil Peanut oil Sesame oil
Some Solvents for Liquid Preparations	Alcohol, USP: Ethyl Alcohol, Ethanol Diluted Alcohol, NF Alcohol, Rubbing Glycerin, USP (Glycerol) Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol Propylene Glycol, USP Purified Water, USP
1 is the most useful solvent in pharmacy next to water. USP, is 94.9 to 96% Ethanol by volume (i.e., v/v) 2 Not Less Than 99.5% Ethanol, water free alcohol is desired	1 Alcohol, USP: Ethyl Alcohol, Ethanol 2 Dehydrated Alcohol, USP/ Absolute alcohol
ETHANOL together with WATER, it forms __ that dissolves both alcohol-soluble and water-soluble substances This is useful in the extraction of active constituents from crude drugs.	hydro alcoholic mixture
1 Alcohol is frequently used with other solvents, such as __, to reduce the amount of alcohol required. 2 Alcohol has been well recognized as a solvent and excipient in the formulation of oral pharmaceutical products. TRUE OR FALSE	1 glycols and glycerin 2 TRUE
Alcohol have potential toxic effects Alcohol Limit: 1 Children under 6 years of age alcohol limit 2) 6-12 years of age alcohol limit 3) Over 12 years of age and adults alcohol limit	1) 0.5% 2) 5% 3) 10%