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level: Level 1 of Chapter 40

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 40

Question	Answer
The Respiratory system can be separated into two divisions:	The upper respiratory tract composed of the nose, paranasal, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis, and the lower tract, composed of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
Through which?, the respiratory system delivers warmed and moistened air to the alveoli, transports oxygen across the alveolar membrane to hemoglobin-laden red blood cells, and allows carbon dioxide to diffuse from red blood cells back into the alveli.	inspiration
Through which?, carbon dioxide-filled air is discharged to the outside.	expiration
is initiated by stimulation of the nerves of the respiratory tract mucosa by the presence of dust, chemicals, mucus, or inflammation.	Cough
What causes the sound of coughing?	Rapid expiratory air movement past the glottis
Couging is a useful procedure to?	clear excess mucus or foreign bodies from the respiratory tract or as a response to gastric contents refluxed into the airway.
Refers to a series of expiratory coughs after a deep inspiration	Paroxysmal coughing
A change in the angle between the fingernail and nail bed because of increased capillary growth in the fingertips	Clubbing of fingers
Adventitious sounds: The vibrations produced as air is forced past an obstruction; such as mucus in the nose or pharynx, cause a?	snoring sound (ronchi)
Adventitious sounds: If the obstruction is at the base of the tongue or in the larynx, a harsher, what sound called occur?	strident sound on inspiration (stridor)
Adventitious sounds: If the obstruction is in the lower trachea or bronchioles, an expiratory what sound occur?	expiratory whistle sound (wheezing)
Adventitious sounds: If alveoli become fluid filled, what sound occur?	fine crackling sound (rales)
Is a noninvasive technique for estimating arterial oxygen saturation either as a single measurement or via continuous monitoring.	Pulse oximetry
The process of ventilation, or the work of breathing, involves three main forces: a	an inertial force that must be overcome to change the speed and direction of air when the lungs change from exhalation to inhalation
The process of ventilation, or the work of breathing, involves three main forces: b	an elastic force to help the lungs expand with inhalation
The process of ventilation, or the work of breathing, involves three main forces: c	the flow resistance force or resistance to the movement of air through the bronchial tree that must be overcome
The process of ventilation, or the work of breathing, involves three main forces:	a, b, c
are mechanical devices that provide a stream of moistened air directly into the respiratory tract.	Nebulizers
Is a handheld device that provides a route for medication administration directly to the respiratory tract.	an MDI (metered-dose inhaler)
are devices that encourage children to inhale deeply to aerate the lungs fully or to move mucus.	Incentive spirometers
is a means of securing an airway in a child who is unable to oxygenate of and/or ventilate adequately on their own	Endotracheal intubation
is an opening into the trachea to create an artificial airway	A tracheostomy
is congenital obstruction of the posterior nares by an obstructing membrane or bony growth.	choanal atresia
is the most frequent infectious disease in children. The incubation period for this is typically 2 to 3 days, and most occur in the fall and winter, when respiratory viruses circulate.	common colds
are caused by several viruses most predominantly rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and influenza virus.	Upper respiratory infections
is infection and inflammation of the throat	Pharyngitis
The causative agent of pharyngitis is usually a?	virus
is the organism most frequently involved in bacterial pharyngitis in children, particularly those between the ages of 5 and 15 years.	Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
which drain the nasopharynx, are located just behind the posterior pharynx wall.	The retropharyngeal lymph nodes
is removal of the palatine tonsils.	Tonsillectomy
is extremely common in children and usually occurs from trauma or irritation such as picking at the nasal mucosa.	Epistaxis (nosebleed)
is infection and inflammation of the sinus cavities.	Sinusities
is inflammation of the larynx, which results in brassy, hoarse voice sounds or the inability to make audible voice sounds.	Laryngitis
occurs when an infant's laryngeal structure is weaker than normal and collapses more than usual on inspiration.	Congenital laryngomalacia
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and major bronchi, occurs in children between 6 months and 3 years of age. The etiology is usually a viral infection such as parainfluenza virus	Croup
in inflammation of the epiglottis, which is the flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx to keep out food and fluid during swallowing.	Epiglottitis