| Iodine topical usage is used as an ____________ against microorganisms | anti-infective |
| RDA of Iodine for males and females | 150 mcg/d |
| RDA for pregnancy and lactation | 220 mcg/d
290 mcg/d
+70 |
| Seaweed colors:
Nori is ________
Kelp/Kombu is ________
Wakame is ________ | red
brown
green |
| Which kelp has the most iodine? Because of this __________ should limit this to ____ serving(s) a week | Kelp/Kombu
Pregnant women + children should limit this to 1 serving a week |
| When being transported through the digestive tract, Iodine is found bound to _______ | protein or free |
| Iodine is mostly absorbed in the ________ but can also be absorbed through ___________ or ________. The absorption rate is _____% | stomach
small intestine
topically
>90% |
| Where is iodine mostly found? | Thyroid |
| Iodine can permeate ________ | all tissue |
| _______Iodine is found in the blood | free |
| The Thyroid gland influences ________ and _________ | metabolism
protein synthesis |
| What two hormones are released by the thyroid? | T3 triiodothyronine
T4 Thyroxine |
| The Hypothalmus releases _______ which goes to the _________ and releases __________ (aka throtropin) which then goes to the ________ to release T3 and 4 | TRH (thyrotropine releasing hormone)
pituitary gland
TSH (Thyroid stimulating Hormone)
Thyroid |
| What are examples of brassica/cruciferous vegetables? (2) | Broccoli
Cabbage |
| Levels of ________ signal the ________ to begin the cycle to stimulate the thyroid | T3 and T4
Hypothalmus |
| T3 and T4 move through the blood bound to what proteins (3) | Thyroxine binding globulin
albumin
transthyretin (pre-albumin) |
| T3 and T4 functions (metabolic functions—5) | Protein synthesis/tissue growth
Energy usage
Lipolysis (increase)
glycolysis/glycogenesis
DNA transcription |
| T3 and T4 functions in the body (4) | Muscle contraction
GI tract absorption
Body temp regulation
Brain Maturation (crucial for fetus!) |
| Thyroglobulin originates in ________ and reflect it's health | thyroid gland |
| Iodine is taken up into the thyroid gland by _________ | vitamin A |
| ______ and _______ are needed for the production of thyroid hormones (________ and _________) | Fe
Se
Thyroid peroxidase
5'deiodinase |
| ____________ is made by Se and helps convert T4 -> T3 | 5'deiodinase |
| What are selenium food sources (2) | Meat
Brazil Nuts |
| What is the Selenium RDA? | 55 mcg/d |
| What three things to goitrogens do? | 1) decrease iodide uptake by the thyroid gland
2) decrease production of thyroid hormone
3) decrease release hormone from thyroid cells |
| what are the three types of goitrogens? | Glucosinolates
Goitrin
Lithium |
| What is an example of a goitrin food source? | Cassava |
| What is and food source of glucosinolates | brassica/cruciferous vegetables |
| Who is at risk for an iodine deficiency? (4) | Vegans
Low salt diet
low lactose intake
pregnancy/lactation |
| Iodine is important for fetal development because (2) | Growth/development
Cognitive function |
| Iodine deficiency disorders (3) | hypothyroidism
goiter
cretinism |
| What are the 4 symptoms of cretinism? | Thick tongue
poor feeding habits
hypotonia
short stature |
| Symptoms of hypothyroidism (physical—4) | Swollen thyroid
hoarse voice/puffy face
wt. gain
irregular menses |
| symptoms of thyroidism (not physical—3) | decreased cognitive function
fatigue/slow movement
depression |
| Is ashwaganda an effective treatment for hypothyroidism? | NO |
| Hypothyroidism nutrition tips:
eat 2 ______ a day
avoid ________
take __________ | snacks
fasting
multivitamin |
| People with hypothyroidism will want to make sure they are getting adequate intake of: (4) | iodine
selenium
iron
calories/CHO (positive relationship with T3) |
| Iodine upper limit | 1100mcg/d |
| supplements should be less than ________ | 500 mcg |
| Iodine toxicity acute symptoms (2) | burning mouth-> stomach
NVD (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea) |
| Iodine toxicity chronic (1) | increase risk of thyroid disorders such as goiter or hyper/hypo thyroidism |
| iodine helps activate glial cells which are _________ | glue of neurons |
