| Features of 5 main vertebrate classes | Birds: feathers growing from skin, parabronchial tubes in lungs
Bony ray-finned fish: scales, gills
Reptiles: dry scaly skin, extensive folding in lungs
Amphibians: moist permeable skin, internal folds in lungs
Mammals: hair grows from skin, alveolus in lungs |
| Give a food chain | passionflower, heliconias butterfly, tegu lizard, jaguar |
| how much energy is passed to each trophic level? | 10% |
| what does the chi squared value mean for a set of data? | if the x2 is within or above the critical value, then this validates the data (that it wasnt absolutely just due to chance) |
| Distinguish between saprotrophs and detritivores | saprotrophs perform external digestion, like bacteria or fungi. Whereas detritivores do internal digestion, like moth larva |
| Describe the greenhouse effect | Short wavelength radiation is emitted by the sun. Some is absorbed by ozone but most of it passes through the atmosphere. Earth's surface reemits that as long wavelength radiation, but that radiation is trapped as heat in the atmosphere by excess greenhouse gases |
| Two ways in which coral reefs die | Through the acidification of the ocean when co2 reacts with water to make carbonic acid. This makes more hydrogen carbonate instead of calcium carbonate and releases the co2 in limestone (corals). carbonic acid in rainwater is the second way |
| how are fossil fuels made? | Gas and oil are made when they end up on the pores of shale in the sea bed. the shale was previously silt mixed with organic matter of dead marine organisms. and coal is made when peat is pressurized; peat is organic matter that wasnt able to be fully decomposed due to anaerobic conditions in swamps or bogs |
| What are the 3 requirements for a sustainable ecosystem? | Energy availability (normally supplied by the sun, nutrient availability (done by decomposers that break down organic matter to release their nutrients), and detoxification of waste (done by decomposers) |
| How are modes of nutrition divided? | Autotroph: chemosynthetic, photosynthetic
Heterotroph: consumer, saprotroph, detritivore |
| Can heat energy be converted into another kind of energy by living organisms? | NOOOO |
| Why is energy transformation not 100% effective? | Because energy will always be lost as heat to the environment due to cell activities |
| Discuss whether the greenhouse effect impacts Earth's temperature | Without it earth's mean temperature would be -18 degrees, so it does have an impact, but it's not the only factor. |
| Sepase el carbon cycle, talk about it | deay lookitup |
| Features of 7 animal phyla | Cnidaria: mouth but no anus, radially symmetric, tentacles, stinging cells
Chordata: notochord, pharyngeal gill, post anal tail
Annelida: bristles present, bilaterally symmetric, segmented
Platyhelminths: flat bodies, unsegmented, bilaterally symmetric
Arthropoda: segmened, exoskeleton, bilaterally symmetric
Mollusca: muscular foot, mouth and anus, shell present
Porifera: no anus or mouth, no detected symmetry, pores all over |
| Features of 4 plant phyla | Bryophytes (moss): spores to reproduces, no vascular tissue present
Filicinophytes (fern): spores, vascular tissue present
Coniferophytes (pine cone): seeds, vascular tissue
Angiospermophytes (flowers): seeds, vascular tissue |
| Features of 5 main vertebrate classes | Birds: feathers growing from skin, parabronchial tubes in lungs
Bony ray-finned fish: scales, gills
Reptiles: dry scaly skin, extensive folding in lungs
Amphibians: moist permeable skin, internal folds in lungs
Mammals: hair grows from skin, alveolus in lungs |
