| What are the 5 classifications of phytochemicals? | Nitrogen-containing compounds
Organosulfur Compounds
Carotenoids
Alkaloids
Phenolics
NO CAP |
| What are the main two types of phytochemicals? | Carotenoids
Phenolics |
| What are the three types of carotenoids? | Lycopene
Lutein
Zeaxanthin |
| ________Carotenoids turn into vitamin A, __________ carotenoids are Antioxidants | Some
All |
| Food sources of lutein and zeaxanthin: | any green or yellow veggies (+egg yolks) |
| Processing carotenoids ___inc/dec_______ absorption | increase |
| Food sources of lycopene (3) | Watermelon
Tomatoes
Gac
*RED* foods |
| Lycopene functions (2) | Decrease (prostate) cancers
decrease plaque formation |
| All phytochemicals are (4) | Antioxidants
anti-inflammatory
anti hypertensive
anti-platelet |
| What are the 4 types of phenolics? | Quercitin
Catechin
Isoflavenoid
Anthocyanins
Cats and Ants like Queer Flavors |
| Phenolic functions related to cancer (4) | decrease proliferation
decrease angiogenesis
decrease metastasis
increase apoptosis |
| Phenolics functions (3) | Decrease certain cancers
increase endothelial function
antibacterial/viral |
| Quercitin food sources | white/colorless foods:
Lovage
Onions
Capers
Apples |
| Quercetin increases the immune system by decreasing ________ | inflammatory immune substances |
| Catechins food sources (5) | Teas/apple juice
grapes
cocoa beans
lentils
black eyed peas |
| Catechins can help protect from __________ | Cancer |
| What is the main type of isoflavenoid? | Genistein |
| What are the sources of isoflavenoids? (2) | Soy products
Kudzu |
| Isoflavenoid functions (2) | Decrease lipoprotein oxidation
Decrease oxidative DNA damage |
| Anthocyanin food sources: (4) | Black/purpleish colors
Berries
Black rice
soybeans
Blood oranges |
| Anthocyanin functions (3) | protects pancreatic B-cells
improves gut bacteria
decrease CRP |
| Free Radicals are molecules with _________ unpaired E-s | one or more |
| Not all ROS are ___________ | Free radicals |
| 4 main ROS particles | superoxide radical
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydroxyl Radical
Singlet molecular Oxygen |
| Hydroxyl radicals can be made by (3) | gamma rays
Hydrogen Peroxide + superoxide radical
Hydrogen Peroxide + free Fe or Cu |
| What is the Fenton Reaction? | Free Fe plus hydrogen peroxide |
| What are the 3 types of endogenous ROS producers? | Mitochondrial leak
Oxidative Burst
Enzyme reactions |
| What is an example of enzyme reactions that produce ROS | COX and LOX (Metabolize fatty acids) |
| Where does the mitochondrial leak occur? | at coenzyme Q to complex III |
| Where is superoxide radical made? | E- transport chain |
| It superoxide radical is not treated by superoxide dismutase, it turns into ________ or __________ | Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydroxyl Radical |
| What are some examples of environmental sources of free radicals? | Aerobic exercise
smoking
UV light
xenobiotics
excess sugar/fats
stress
pollutants
inflammation |
| What are the 3 endogenous antioxidants? | Glutathione peroxidase
Superoxide Dismutase
Catalase
CATs have SUPER GLUTS |
| Endogenous antioxidant : Glutathione Peroxidase ( what is the cofactor? where is it found?, and what does it decrease?) | Se
Cytoplasm/mitochondria
Peroxides |
| Endogenous antioxidant : Superoxide Dismutase ( what is the cofactor? where is it found?, and what does it decrease?) | Mg, Zn, Cu
Extra/intracellular
superoxides (and therefore H. Peroxide) |
| Endogenous antioxidant : Catalase ( what is the cofactor? where is it found?, and what does it decrease?) | Fe
Cytoplasm of organelles
H. Peroxide |
| What are the dietary antioxidants? (12) | Vitamin E and C
Carotenoids (pro vit A)
Fe
Se
Zn
Mg
Mn
Bilirubin
Lipoic Acid
MT's
Phytochemicals |
| Bio indicators of oxidative stress (5) | Pentane
8-OHDG
LPO
4- HNE
MDA |
| Free radical benefits (5) | apoptosis
immunity
cellular differentiation
Protein phosphorylation
Transcription Factors
PAC IT |
