| Mg RDA for males | 400mg |
| Mg RDA for females | 310 mg |
| UL for Mg | 350 mg |
| The UL is ______ than the RDA for males because it is based off of _________ | less
non-food sources (supplements) |
| Excess intake of Mg mostly comes from: (3) | Supplements
Antacids
Laxatives |
| Mg is cleared rapidly by ______ so toxicity is unlikely unless you have _________ | Kidneys
renal disease |
| __________ can occur when laxatives are abused | Rebound Constipation |
| Mg Toxicity symptoms (7) | Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping
Nausea
Slurring
Muscle paraylsis/weakness
double vision
Flushing of skin |
| Sources of Mg (7) | Fish
Nuts + seeds
legumes
(dark) chocolate
whole grains
milk + yogurt
leafy greens |
| ___________ food can decrease mg content by ________ | processing
>75% |
| What two ways can Mg be absorbed? Which one is the most common | Carrier Mediated transcellular Transport
Paracellular diffusion <- - - most common |
| What inhibits Mg absorption? (6)
bonus: which ones inhibit Ca? | Phytic Acid + oxalate
(gel forming) fiber
high amounts of phosphorus
unabsorbed fatty acids
Diuretics + PPIs
Alcohol + smoking
*All but phosphorus inhibit Ca |
| Excess ________ , ________ and __________ can negatively effect Mg absorption? | Protein
Salt
Caffeine |
| What is the name of the carrier mediated transcellular transporter that Mg uses? What does the M stand for? | TRPM6
Melastatin |
| What absorption pathway for Mg requires no energy? | Paracellular diffusion |
| Mg is transported through the blood either bound to a ____ or ______, or as ______ Mg. Most is transported as _________ | albumin
non-protein structures
Free
Free Mg |
| Mg functions in the body: (6) | Bone mineralization (crystal lattice)
Blood Clotting
Relax smooth/skeletal muscles
Cobra bite treatment
Neuron transmission
Glucose regulation
Bones Bleed Really Copiously Near Glue |
| What enzymes does Mg work as a coenzyme for? 3 | Phosphorylase Kinase
Oxidative decarboxylation
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
POP |
| What is the importance of Phosphorylase Kinase? | Glycogen Metabolism |
| Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is the _________enzyme in _________ | rate-limiting
glycolysis |
| Oxidative Decarboxylation is important for _________ | Krebs Cycle |
| Mg functions: cellular level (4) | Aids in the metabolism of ATP
Amino acid/protein synthesis
Hydroxylation of Vit D (25th pos.)
Beta-oxidation
BAAH |
| Who's at risk for a magnesium deficiency? (6) | Medications (PPI, diuretics)
Malabsorption disease (IBD)
Type 2 DM/Metabolic Syndrome
Alcoholics
Chronic Stress
Kidney Failure
M&M TACK |
| What is Mg relationship with PTH hormone? | low magnesium = release of PTH hormone |
| PTH causes Mg to be increased in the body by ___(3)_____ | increase absorption
decrease Mg in urine
increase release of Mg from bone |
| initial stage stages of Mg deficiency symptoms (3) | fatigue
nausea + vomiting
decreased appetite |
| Further stages of Mg deficiency symptoms (5) | Muscle cramping, headache, numbness/tingling, nervousness, personality changes |
| Deficiencies of Mg are rare because _____(3)______ | 1) stored in our bones
2) High reabsorption rate
3) Easily found in diet |
| Diseases related to Mg (7) | Migraines
Osteoporosis
Metabolic Syndrome
Hypertension
Constipation
Diabetes Mellitus
CVD
MOM Hates CDC |
| If Mg+2 is suboptimal, these 3 things will occur | decrease anti-inflammatory effects
tyrosine kinase malfunction
increase vasoconstriction |
| What does Tyrosine Kinase do? | Increase Insulin Release/ Increase glucose uptake |
| Migrain headaches are caused by (3) | Neurotransmitter issues
High BP
Increased Vasoconstriction |
