| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
| Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
S____ | Species |
| Binomial Nomenclature | (two name naming system) |
| Identifies organisms with a | two-word scientific name |
| First word is its Genus and the second is its | species |
| organisms similar enough that can mate AND produce FERTILE offspring | Species |
| diagram of evolutionary relationships where similar organisms that share a common ancestor are referred to as “Clades” | Cladogram (Phylogenetic Tree) |
| identifies organisms in the field if the organism is not a new discovery | Dichotomous Keys |
| it wasn’t until its invention that we knew what viruses actually look like because viruses are even smaller than bacteria; also allowed us to see inside cells right down to their atoms! | Electron Microscope (1930’s) |
| Viruses are technically living | False, they are not |
| Doesn’t maintain homeostasis
Doesn’t have cells
Doesn’t need energy
Doesn’t reproduce without host
Doesn’t respond to environment | Non-Living Traits |
| Has genetic code (DNA or RNA)
Does evolve | Living Traits |
| Viruses infect host cells by tricking them into letting the virus inject their genetic code inside the host. This is the only way a virus can reproduce since they can’t on their own | Viral Host Cell Reproduction |
| the host cell will immediately start reproducing the virus’s DNA until so many new viruses have been produced that they burst through the cell | Lytic Reproduction |
| viral DNA is incorporated into host’s DNA, so when the cell divides, more cells have the viral DNA in them | Lysogenic Reproduction |
| Least complex living thing!
Only Prokaryotes (no organelles)
Unicellular (one celled) with protective Cell Wall
Some have tail used for locomotion
Sexual or Asexual Reproduction | Bacteria - “simple survivalists” |
| Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria | only bacteria that can live in harsh, archaic environments like extreme temperatures, pH, etc. |
| Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria - | live everywhere else |
| Ways Bacteria get energy are | Heterotrophic Consumers
Autotrophic Producer |
| Heterotrophic Consumers | Consume their food from other organisms |
| Autotrophic Producer | Makes its own food by itself |
| Chemosynthesis - | uses the chemical energy released through the breaking of molecular bonds to make food |
| Microbes - | microorganisms |
| Pathogens - | organisms that cause disease |
| Vectors - | organisms that spread pathogens (Ex: ticks, mosquitos, mice) |
| Louis Pasteur (1860’s) - | formed the “Germ Theory of Disease” which states that pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, are the cause of many diseases and do not generate spontaneously... |
| Robert Koch’s Postulates (1890’s) - | rules used to identify the pathogen responsible for a particular disease arguing that the same pathogen must be found in every infected organism and tested on a healthy host |
| Vaccines - | consist of a weakened version or just pieces of a pathogen, like a virus, allowing our immune systems to learn how to fight the infection with little to no symptoms |
| Antivirals | - medication that inhibits viral reproduction after infection
Ex: Hiv, Hepatitis B & C, Influenza A & B |
| Antibiotics | - kill bacterial infection |
| Alcohol - | kills bacteria & viruses in wounds and on surfaces |
| Honey - | natural antiseptic for wounds |
| Soap or Hand Sanitizer | Soap |
| Why soap? | Hand sanitizers 0.01 chance is a super microbe and grows stronger per use |
| Some bacteria are good? | True, Kimchi etc. |
