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level: Level 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 2

Question	Answer
Results in light, fluffy product Not acceptable for potent drugs	Passing through sifters
Tumbling the powder in a rotating chamber Special small scale and large scale motorized powder blenders mix powders by tumbling Thorough but time consuming	Tumbling method
Undesirable separation of different components of the blend. Occur by sifting or percolation, air entrapment (fluidization), particle entrapment (dusting)	Segregation
Segregation occur by:	Sifting or percolation, Air entrapment (fluidization) particle entrapment (dusting)
Powders become sticky or pasty or liquefy when mixed together Mix with adsorbent ( MgO, MgCO3, triturated on pill tile using spatula) Double wrap the papers Mix powders with bulky powders then light blending Eutectic first then adsorbed the paste or liquid that results onto a bulky powder Dispense separately	Eutectics
Dispense in tight containers and incorporate a dessicant packet or capsule Store in a dry place, and in a tightly closed container Dilute the powder with an inert drying powder to reduce the amount of Surface Area exposed	Hygroscopic and Deliquescent Powders
Crystalline powder that contains water of hydration or crystallization. Water can be liberated either during manipulations or on exposure to a low-humidity environment> sticky, pasty, liquefy Use anhydrous salt form of the drug Drying bulky powder and use a light, noncompacting method of mixing the powders	Efflorescent powders
1 Oxidizing agent mixed with Reducing agent May react violently 2 Oxidizing agent example 3 Reducing agent example	1 Explosive mixtures 2 Chlorine, Potassium, Nitrate 3 Alcohol, Iodides, Lactose Pneumonics: CPN, AIL
INCORPORATION OF LIQUIDS	Liquid incorporated into a dry powder can be adsorbed into an inert material (carrier) such as Lactose or starch (geometric method) Pasty material added to dry powders by mixing it w/ increasing quantity of powders Add alcohol, evaporate Suitable for high-potency drugs or flavoring agents Minimize possibility of clumps
Taken orally, inhaled, injection External use: dusted on the affected area from a sifter type/ powder aerosol “EXTERNAL USE ONLY” Disadvantage: undesirable taste	Medicated powders
Administered by inhalation with the aid of dry powder inhalers (DPI’s)> delivers micronized particles in metered quantities	Aerosol powders
1 Device used to administer an inhalation powder in a finely divided state suitable for oral inhalation by the patient. 2 used with a device that aerosolizes and delivers an accurately metered amount. 3 Particle size of micronized medication prepared ranges from __ 4 aid the formulation’s flow properties, metering uniformity and protect the powder from humidity	1) Dry Powder Inhalers 2) Inhalation powder 3) 1-6 um in diameter. 4) Crystalline alpha-lactose monohydrate Premetered DPIs PNEUMONIC: CALM
1 pt takes by mixing with water or another beverages before swallowing 2 dissolved in warm water by the pt for vaginal use	1 Antacids (sodium bicarbonate), laxatives (psyllium (Metamucil) 2 Douche powders (Massengill powder)
1 Medicated powders for __, usually __ 2 containing B-complex vitamins and other nutritional supplements Small measuring spoon, scoop is dispensed with the powder 3 Bulk powders is limited for __ substances 4 Bulk Powder Controlled dosages: 5 Bulk Powder Proper Use and Storage	1 external application to skin, anti infectives or antifungals 2 Brewer’s yeast powder 3 nonpotent 4 divided amounts in folded papers or packets 5 Stored at RT, clean, dry place Keep out of reach of children and animals Pt counseling: proper storage, how to measure application amount, type of vehicle to use
1 After geometric dilution of potent substance, divided into individual dosing units Divided portion powder is places in a small piece of paper (Latin chartula; powder paper) Pharmacist weigh each portion of powder separately before enfolding in a paper 2 non potent drugs, powders are placed on a flat surface such as porcelain or glass plate, pill tile, large sheet of paper, with a large spatula, form rectangular or square block having uniform depth	1 Divided powders 2 Block-and-divide method
IUsing spatula, RPh cuts into the powder lengthwise and crosswise then smaller blocks are transferred to a powder paper Sizes:	2.75 x3.75 in 3 x 4.5 in 3.75 x 5 in 4.5 x 6 in
Paper used in divided powders:	1 Simple Bond Paper 2 Vegetable parchment 3 Glassine 4 Waxed paper
1 thin, semi opaque paper with limited moisture resistance 2 glazed, transparent paper, limited moisture resistance 3 transparent water proof paper	1 Vegetable parchment 2 Glassine 3 Waxed paper
1 Water proof or waxed paper are __ materials 2 Necessary for Glassine and vegetable parchment papers 3 Waxed or glassine paper are __ components	1 hygroscopic or deliquescent 2 limited barrier against moisture 3 volatile