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level: OTHER PRESERVATIVES (SLIDE 96)

Questions and Answers List

level questions: OTHER PRESERVATIVES (SLIDE 96)

Question	Answer
1,1,1- Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol White crystalline solid with camphorlike aroma Anhydrous form and hemihydrate form Sublime at RT and pressure Slighlty sol in water and sol in alcohol and org solvent	CHLOROBUTANOL
Used as bacteriostatic agent for injections, opthalmic use, intranasal administration Unstable when heated in aq solution at pH greater than 7 pH 5, stable at 25 C Stable in oils and org solvents	CHLOROBUTANOL
syn: phenylcarbinol, phenylmethanol Occurs naturally as unesterified form in oil of jasmine and in esters if acetic, cinnamic, benzoic acids in gum benzoin, storax resin, Peru balsam, tolu balsam Soluble in water and alcohol Clear liquid with aromatic odor	BENZYL ALCOHOL
Benzyl Alcohol 1 preservative in vials of injectable drugs	1) 1%-4% in water or saline sol
Syn: 2-phenylethanol, orange oil, rose oil, C6H5CH2CH2OH Clear liquid Sparingly sol in water Occurs naturally in rose oil and line needle oil Used primarily in perfumery	PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL
Occurs naturally in gum benzoin and in Peru and tolu balsams White crystalline solid that slowly sublimes at RT and steam distillate Slightly sol in water(0.3%) More sol in alcohol and other polar org solvents	BENZOIC ACID
White crystalline solid Soluble in water and alcohol Used as a preservative in acidic liquid preparations which benzoic acid is released	SODIUM BENZOATE
Occurs as transparent colorless crystals Soluble in water and alcohol Effective antifungal agent Most effective at low pH	SODIUM PROPIONATE
2,4-Hexadienoic acid Effective antifungal preservative Sparingly soluble in water, pKa 4.8 Used to preserve syrups, elixirs, ointments, lotions containing compounds that support mold growth	SORBIC ACID
White crystalline material Soluble in water and alcohol Greater solubility than sorbic acid	POTASSIUM SORBATE
Mixture of phenylmercuric nitrate and phenylmercuric hydroxide White crystalline material Sparingly soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol 1:10,000, 1:50,000 : preserve injectable drugs against bacterial contamination Bacteriostatic effect reduce in the presence of serum	PHENYLMERCURIC NITRATE
Acetoxyphenylmercury White prisms that are soluble in alcohol Only slightly soluble in water Used as preservative	PHENYLMERCURIC ACETATE