| 8 Essential Health Services in Primary
Health Care (ELEMENTS) | E – Education for Health
L – Locally endemic disease control
E – Expanded program for immunization
M – Maternal and Child Health including responsible parenthood
E – Essential drugs
N – Nutrition
T – Treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases
S – Safe water and sanitation |
| This is one of the potent methodologies for information
dissemination. It promotes the partnership of both the
family members and health workers in the promotion of
health as well as prevention of illness. | E – Education for Health |
| The control of endemic disease focuses on the prevention of its occurrence to reduce morbidity rate.
Give Example: | L – Locally endemic disease control
Examples
1 Malaria Control
2 Schistosomiasis Control
3 H-Fever
4 Filariasis Control |
| MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAM 2 Major Strategies of the Program | 1 Vector Control
- CLEAN
- Chemoprophylaxis
2 Detection & Early Treatment of Cases
- Early Recognition, Prevention & Control of Malaria epidemics
- Identification of a patient with malaria as soon as he is examined.
This may be done thru:
> Clinical
- Signs & Sx
- History of visit to & endemic area
>Microscopic
- Mass blood smear exam |
| A parasitic infection caused by
blood flukes inhabiting the veins of
their vertebral victims transmitted
thru skin penetration causing
diarrhea, ascites,
hepatosplenomegaly | SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL PROGRAM |
| Acute febrile infection of sudden
onset, caused by Aedes Aegypti,
vector mosquito | H-FEVER (DENGUE) |
| A mosquito borne disease caused
by a tissue nematode attacking the
lymphatic system of humans
thereby causing elephantiasis,
lymphedema & hydrocele | FILARIASIS CONTROL PROGRAM |
| This program exists to control the occurrence of
preventable illnesses especially of children below 6 years old. Immunizations on poliomyelitis, measles, tetanus, diphtheria and other preventable disease are given for free by the government and ongoing program of the DOH | E – Expanded program for immunization |
| The objective of E – Expanded program for immunization is to reduce __ and __ through decreasing the prevalence of the six immunizable diseases which are __ | 1 infant mortality, morbidity
2 TB, Poliomyelitis, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and Measles |
| E – Expanded program for immunization Noteworthy Campaigns: | 1 National Immunization Days (NID)
2 Knock-out Polio (KOP)
3 Garantisadong Pambata (GP) |
| System used to maintain the potency of a vaccine from the time of manufacture to time it is given | COLD CHAIN |
| In Cold Chain Storage of vaccines should NOT exceed: | 6 months at regional
3 months at provincial
1 month at main health centers
Not more than 5 days at health centers |
| Cold Chain System | 1 Storage of vaccines should NOT exceed: __
2 Use of boxes/carriers in transport
3 Once opened, vaccines must be placed in a special cold pack during sessions
4 DISCARD: BCG: After 4 hours, Others: After 8 hours |
| 1 The mother and child are the most delicate members of the community. So the protection of the mother and child to illness and other risks would ensure good health for the community.
2 Its goal includes spacing of children
and responsible parenthood.
3 Maternal and Child Health Programs: __ | 1 M – Maternal and Child Health including
responsible parenthood
2 Family Planning
3
Maternal Health Program
Child Health Program
Family Planning Program |
| are medicinal preparations necessary to fill the
basic health needs of the population.
those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the
community can afford | E - Essential drugs |
| 1 One basic need of the family is food. And if food is properly prepared then one may be assured healthy family.
Faulty preparation and lack of knowledge regarding proper food planning.
2 __ is one of the problems that we have in the country. | 1 N – Nutrition
2 Malnutrition |
| Goal & Objectives of nutrition program | 1 Goal: The improvement of nutritional status, productivity and quality of life of the population through the adoption of desirable dietary practices and healthy lifestyle
2 Objectives: To decrease the morbidity and mortality rates secondary to avitaminoses and other nutritional deficiencies among the population
mostly composed of infants and children |
| Is the government’s response to the growing micronutrient malnutrition that has been prevalent in the Philippines for the past several years
Examples: __ | FOOD FORTIFICATION PROGRAM
Examples:
Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine
Sangkap Pinoy
FIDEL salt |
| 1 A system of keeping close watch on the state of nutrition & the causes of malnutrition w/n a locality, w/ involves periodic collection of data & analysis & dissemination of analyzed information
2 Tools utilized are Anthropometric measurements: | 1 NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
2
-Weight for Age
-Height for Age
-Weight for Height
-BMI |
| 1 The diseases spread through direct contact pose a great risk to those who can be infected.
2 __ is one of the communicable diseases continuously
occupies the top ten causes of death. | 1 T – Treatment of communicable and
non-communicable diseases
2 Tuberculosis |
| 1 is an illness caused by an infectious agent that is transmitted directly or indirectly to a well person through a vector or an inanimate object.
2 is an individual who harbors the organism and is capable of transmitting it to a susceptible host without showing manifestations of the disease.
3 is a term given to a disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect means.
4 is a person, animal or a plant on which parasite
depends for its survival
5 is transmitted not only by ordinary contact but requires direct inoculation of the organism through a break on the skin or mucous membrane. | 1 Communicable Disease
2 Carrier
3 Contagious Disease
4 Host
5 Infectious Disease |
| 1 is the separation from other persons of an individual
suffering from a communicable disease.
2 is the limitation of freedom of movement of
persons or animals which have been exposed to communicable disease for a period of time equivalent to the longest incubation period of illness.
3 is the act of watching.
4 are diseases that occur occasionally and
irregularly with no specific pattern.
5 are diseases that occur in a greater number
than what is expected in a specific area over a specific time.
6 is an epidemic that affects several countries or
continents | 1 Isolation
2 Quarantine
3 Surveillance
4 Sporadic diseases
5 Epidemic diseases
6 Pandemic diseases |
| 1 are those diseases that are present in a population or
community at times involving few people during specific periods. | 1 Endemic diseases |
| 1 is any microbe capable of producing a
disease. E.g. bacteria, spirochete, virus, fungi. Etc.
2 refers to the environment and objects on which an organism survives and multiplies.
3 is the path or way in which the organism leaves
the reservoir. E.g. RS, GUT, GIT, skin and mm.
4 is the means by which the infectious agent passes through from the portal of exit of the reservoir to the susceptible host. This is the easiest link to break
the chain of infection
5 is the venue where the organism gains
entrance into the susceptible host.
6 the human body has many defenses
against the entry and multiplication of organism. | 1 CAUSATIVE agent
2 RESERVOIR of Infection
3 Portal of EXIT
4 Mode of TRANSMISSION
5 PORTAL of Entry
6 SUSCEPTIBLE host |
| MODES OF TRANSMISSION | 1 Contact Transmission
2 Air-borne transmission
3 Vehicle transmission
4 Vector-borne transmission |
| Preventive Aspect of Care of patients with
Communicable Disease: | A. Health Education
B. Immunization |
| 1 is the introduction of specific protective
antibodies in a susceptible person or animal, or the production of cellular immunity in such person or animal
2 is a condition of being secure against any
particular disease. | 1 Immunization
2 Immunity |
| Immunization
1 acquired through placental transfer
2 acquired through immunization and or
recovery from a certain disease
3 acquired through the administration of
antitoxin, antiserum, and gamma-globulins
4 acquired through the administration of
vaccine and toxoid | 1 Natural Passive (NATURAL)
2 Natural Active (NATURAL)
3 Artificial Passive
4 Artificial Active |
| Types of antigen: | 1 Inactivated (killed organism)
- not long lasting, multiple dose needed and booster dose is needed
2 Attenuated (live organism)
- single dose needed and has long lasting immunity |
| Is defined as the study of all factors in man’s physical
environment, w/c may exercise a deleterious effect on his health, well-being and survival. | Environmental Sanitation |
| S – Safe water and sanitation goal | To eradicate & control environmental factors in disease transmission through the provision of basic services & facilities to all households |
