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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
An agent for use in diseases in humans or animals (FD&C Act of 1938)	Drugs
New Drugs May be derived from the following:	1 Plant or animal sources 2 Bi-products of microbial growth 3 Chemical synthesis 4 Molecular modification 5 Biotechnology
Drug Discovery	1 Target Selection (0-2 years) 2 Discovery and Screening (2-3 years) 3 Lead Selection (1-2 years) 4 Lead Optimization (1-2 years)
The pharmacist is entrusted with the legal responsibility for the procurement, storage, control, and distribution of effective pharmaceutical products and for the compounding and filling of prescription orders.	.
The First Apothecary	Tribal Apothecary
connotes a charm or a drug that can be used for good or for evil.	term pharmakon
a continuous scroll contain history of drug therapy (16th century) contains more than 800 drug formulas	Ebers Papyrus
father of medicine, a Greek physician	Hippocrates
De Material Medica” , a Greek physician and botanist, thus pharmacognosy today	Dioscorides
“Galenic pharmacy” , Father of Pharmacy, Greek pharmacist-physician	Claudius Galen
Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim- transformation of pharmacy from a profession based primarily on __ to one based on __.	1 botanical science 2 chemical science
the most famous of all pharmacists, discovered lactic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, arsenic acid, glycerin, benzoic acid	Swede Karl Wilhelm Scheele
discovered morphine	Friedrich Serturner
isolated quinine and cinchonine from cinchona, strychnine and brucine from nux vomica	Caventou and Pelletier
isolated caffeine	Pelletier & Robiquet
isolated codeine	Robiquet
combined to indicate any recipe or formula or other standards required to make or prepare a drug, first used in 1580.	Pharmacopeia pharmakon - drug poiein - make
1st American Pharmcopeia in 1778.	Lititz Pharmacopoeia
a physician from New York created the national pharmacopeia, the Father of USP	Lyman Spalding
1st USP Convention-	Washington, DC on January 1, 1820
1st USP was published (English & Latin). 272 pages, 217 drugs > Massachusetts Pharmacopeia	Dec.15, 1820
USP Revisions shall be every 5 years (before>>10 years)	1940 convention
designating both the USP and NF as establishing legal standards set forth in the compendium monograph.	Pure Food and Drug Act by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt
Provides uniform names of drugs and preparations and working directions for small-scale manufacture of popular pharm’l preps prescribed by physicians	National Formulary
are found the monographs for drug substances, dietary supplements, dosage forms	USP section
are found the monographs for pharmaceutical excipients	NF section
A monograph includes	1 the name of the ingredient or preparation 2 Structural formula, empirical formula, MW, chemical names, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number 3 the definition; packaging, storage, 4 labeling requirements; 5 specifications