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level: Origins of Medicinal Chemistry

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Origins of Medicinal Chemistry

Question	Answer
Early investigations of natural products	In the so-called pre-scientific era, Drugs of Antiquity folk remedies were in use
Drugs of Antiquity Examples	1 Ma huang (ephedrine) 2 Ipecacuanha (emetine) 3 Coca leaves (cocaine) 4 opium 5 squill 6 hyoscyamus
The Middle Ages, glorified antimony and its salts in elixirs as cure-alls in the belief that chemicals could cure disease.	Paracelsus (1493–1541)
The 19th century	Age of Innovation and Chemistry.
The isolation of morphine	Friedrich Sertürner,1803
the isolation of emetine from ipecacuanha	Pierre-Joseph Pelletier,1816
Synthesis of acetic acid	Adolph Kolbe, 1845
Synthesis of Methane	Pierre Berthelot, 1856
1840s, the first use of synthetic organic chemicals were introduced for anesthesia during a tooth removal, such as ___, ___, and ___.	1 nitrous oxide 2 ether 3 chloroform
In 1853, Henry How heated morphine with __, hoping to convert the alkaloid to __. He obtained, however, a new substance of the __.	1 methyl iodide 2 codeine 3 quaternary salt of morphine
isolated cocaine	Albert Niemann,1860
__ isolated the active ingredient, ___, from the Calabar bean	1 Albert Niemann,1864 2 physostigmine
salicylic acid was introduced as a possible cure for __, in what year?	typhoid fever, 1875
In what year the first commercially available semisynthetic morphine derivative (ethyl ether) was introduced as a cough sedative in preference to codeine or other opiates?	1898
What year Aspirin was marketed as an antipyretic without the unpleasant side effects	1899
Anesthetics, Hypnotics, Analgesics were used extensively in this year	1920’s~1930’s
After 1930’s: The development of new drugs was speeded greatly by the close combination of __ and __.	Medicinal Chemistry, Experimental Pharmacology
was formed by using metabolic products as lead compounds.	Theory of antimetabolite
In the year __, the first drug used for treating cancer as a biological alkylating agent was __, which began tumor chemical therapy	1940s, nitrogen mustard
What year were oral steroidal contraceptive agents were discovered and Corticosteroids have become important drugs?	In 1960’s
aging disease, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases became first reason for human death. New drugs design based on enzymes or receptors as drug targets	After 1950’s
In the year __, first β-Adrenergic blocking agent, __, was marketed.	1964, Propranolol
Nifedipine, Calcium Channel Blocker was marketed	1979
In what year was Captopril, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor was launched?	1981
New drugs will be discovered or invented by investigating __ and __	human genomics, human disease genomics