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level: INTRODUCTION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: INTRODUCTION

Question	Answer
oral pathology discusses the ____ of the tooth	hard tissues
Missing tooth (genetic)	Anodontia
specialty of dentistry and discipline of pathology that deals with the nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions	Oral pathology
diabetes is manifested in the oral cavity as	periodontitis/ gingivitis
study of disease or, more specifically, the study of abnormal conditions	Pathology
Cells react to conditions that are not normal by adapting to the change	CELLULAR ADAPTATION
designates absence of an organ resulting from failure of the appearance of the primordium of an organ in embryonic development	Agenesis
Organ cannot form because of the absence of its precursor	Agenesis
complete failure of development of a structure from the embryonic development	Aplasia
No organ despite presence of precursors	Aplasia
underdevelopment of an organ	Hypoplasia
Organ is present but not developed properly/fully thereby it is not functioning to its capacity	Hypoplasia
the change in which cells of one type are transformed or replaced by cells of another type at a lower order	Metaplasia
is the increase in the number of normal cells of an organ or tissue with consequent increase in the size of the tissue	Hyperplasia
increase in size of a tissue or organ caused by an increase in the size of the cells of the part involved	Hypertrophy
refers to the decrease in size of the cell compared to a normal one	Atrophy
most common cause of atrophy	ischemia
refers to metabolic disturbances and deterioration of the cells or the area immediately surrounding the cells	Degenerative changes
Degenerative changes is usually caused by	aging
cellular death resulting from injury or deleterious cell changes	Necrosis
cellular self-destruction	Apoptosis
refers to an increase in the blood supply	Hyperemia
increase inflow of the blood to an area	Active hyperemia
decreased outflow of blood with stagnation of venous current.	Passive hyperemia
Blood remains in organ for long period of time	Hyperemia
increase in the number of white blood cells and decrease number of red blood cells	Anemia
the local deficiency of blood supply to an area	Ischemia
May be caused by blockage of blood vessel which results to that decrease blood supply to a specific organ	Ischemia
a localized area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the arterial blood supply or venous drainage	Infarct
Localized tissue death	Infarct
Infarcts are usually caused by	fat deposits or blood clots
bleeding; circulatory disturbance caused by injury to capillary	Hemorrhage
formation of plug within a blood vessel	Thrombus
detached clot from its formation and transported to a distant site where it can lodge in a smaller vessel	Embolus
refers to a new growth of tissue which arises from existing tissue but grows independently of it and at its own rate	Neoplasia
Common; happens when a tumor/cyst grows whether benign or cancerous	Neoplasia
Causative factors of the disease	Etiology
example of singular disease	tuberculosis
example of multifactorial disease	hypertension
etiology (intrinsic, extrinsic, psychogenic, or idiopathic): genetics	Intrinsic
etiology (intrinsic, extrinsic, psychogenic, or idiopathic): Smoke	Extrinsic
etiology (intrinsic, extrinsic, psychogenic, or idiopathic): lifestyle	Extrinsic
etiology (intrinsic, extrinsic, psychogenic, or idiopathic): food	Extrinsic
etiology (intrinsic, extrinsic, psychogenic, or idiopathic):Mental state of the patient	Psychogenic
etiology (intrinsic, extrinsic, psychogenic, or idiopathic): Cannot pinpoint the etiology	Idiopathic
natural ability of an organism to remain unaffected by pathogenic or toxic agents	Resistance
conditions within or around the organism or host that do not inhibit the action of pathogenic agents.	Susceptibility
Condition of the host (intrinsically) that makes them at risk of being affected by certain conditions	Susceptibility
In the makeup of the body, no matter if you exercise and diet, 90% is dictated by	Genetics
When an individual is compromised by one disease or condition, there is a much higher risk of developing a second disease or condition.	Pre-existing Condition
Condition that the patient has already and will worsen his condition upon application of another stimuli	Pre-existing Condition
Tay Sach's predominantly affects	Jewish descendants
Excessive storage of lipids in the cells and tissues of the brain	Tay Sach's
Sickle-cell Anemia predominantly affects	American-African lineage
PHASES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Acts to increase the response & quickly neutralize whatever causes the injury and clean up the debris from the injury	Initiation
PHASES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:activated when the injury occurs. It comprises changes to the structure of the small blood vessels (microcirculation) in the area of the injury, leading to loss of fluid from the blood and the movement of white blood cells from the blood vessels to the injured area.	Initiation
PHASES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:nvolves the action of chemical substances that direct more and different types of white blood cells into the injured area.	Amplification
PHASES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:End stage if inflammatory process	Termination
PHASES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:requires that other chemical substances stop or inhibit the inflammatory process	Termination
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS: brief hemorrhage control	VASOCONSTRICTION
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Increases diameter of vessels	VASODILATION
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Hyperemia (Increased blood In the area)	VASODILATION
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Causes gaps in vessel wall between endothelial cells	INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Begins process of exudate formation and vascular stasis	INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Increases blood viscosity	VASCULAR STASIS
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Leukocytes move to the endothelial walls and begin the process of rolling	VS: MARGINATION
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Leukocytes stick to the vessel walls	VS: ADHESION
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Leukocytes squeeze through gaps in endothelial cells	VS: TRANSMIGRATION
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Drives PMNs and other leukocytes to the affected area	CHEMOTAXIS
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Prepares resistant pathogens for phagocytosis	OPSONIZATION
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Enables Ingestion and digestion of foreign material or cellular debris	PHAGOCYTOSIS
EVENTS IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS:Removes debris through lymphatic system	TERMINATION OF PROCESS