| What minerals are cofactors for antioxidants? (5) | Mn
Zn
Fe
Se
Cu |
| what is included in the primary immune system? (2) | Bone Marrow
Thymus |
| what is included in the secondary immune system? (3) | Spleen
Lymph nodes
Gut Associated Lymphatic Tissue (GALT) |
| Immune system fights off...? (5) | bacteria
parasites
fungi
virus
carcinogens |
| What are the four things needed for an effective immune system? | 1) energy (macronutrients)
2) micronutrients
3) healthy microbiome (pro/pre biotics + fiber)
4) non nutrients (phytochemicals) |
| Why do elderly have a decreased immune system? | Thymus shrinks as you age |
| What makes up the innate immune system? (4) | Physical barriers
complement proteins
NK cells
phagocytes |
| What is the purpose of complement proteins? (3) | enhance immune cells
increase inflammation
signal other cells |
| Where are complement proteins found/synthesized? | Found in blood
synthesized by liver |
| Cytokines are a type of ________? | complement protein |
| Cytokines are signal cells synthesized by....? (2) | monocytes+ macrophages |
| what are the 3 types of cytokines? | 1) Interleukins
2) interferons
3) Tumor Necrosis Factor |
| What are the 3 types of interleukins and what do they do? | IL-1 + IL-6 -> Increase inflammation
IL-10-> Decrease inflammation
when you are ages 1-6 you increase arguments
when you are 10 you are mature and can be a peace maker |
| Complement proteins enhance immune cells by...? (2) | phagocytosis (coat intruder)
membrane attack (break down membrane)
they're like saliva on a gobstopper |
| What are the 3 types of phagocytes? | granulocytes (include all the "phils")
monocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells |
| How is inflammation measured? | C-Reactive Protein (CRP) |
| CRP is made in ______ and delivered by _____ and _______ | liver
macrophages
fat cells |
| Chronic immune diseases (5): | Allergies
Arthrites
Crohns
Central obesity
Diabetes 1 and 2 /metabolic syndrome
CADillAC |
| which Phagocytes are antigen presenting? | monocytes
macrophages
dendritic |
| when monocytes grow up, they become _______ | macrophages |
| inflammation can cause complications such as....: (4) | CVD
NAFLD
Cancer
Dementia |
| Adaptive immune system contains: (2) | T cells
B cells |
| Cell mediated immunity creates what kind of cells? | T-cells |
| What are the three types of T cells? | T helper
cytotoxic t cells
regulatory t cells |
| What are the four types of B cells | Plasma B cells
Memory b cells
regulatory b cells
antibodies |
| What are the 5 major classes of antibodies? | IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
you just got GAMED |
| Helper T cells need/don't need to be presented to | NEED to be presented to |
| B-cells need/don't need to be presented to | do NOT NEED to be presented to |
| What activates helper T cells? | Antigens (Dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes) |
| what activates B cells | T cells |
| What two cells does a B cell produce when activated? | plasma b cell
memory b cell |
| what is the role of antibodies? | to communicate between both immune systems (innate and acquired) |
| issues with the immune system (2) | transplant rejections
autoimmune diseases |
| the immune system is compromised during.... (3) | infancy
pregnancy
elderly |
| Immune system is effected by: (5- things you can't help) | Things you can't help:
-Genetics
-sex
-how you're born
-age
-Chronic disease |
| Immune system is effected by: (7 things you can choose) | exercise
central adiposity
breastfeeding
smoking/alcohol
gut microbiota
nutritional status
stress |
| nutrients needed in the immune system: (17) | Vitamin A
Vitamin B2, 3,6,9,12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Zn
Fe
Mn
Cu
Ca
I
Mg
P
Z FeMiNine Cu Ca IMP |
| What immune system nutrients are typically low? (6) | Vitamin C, D, E
Fe
Mg
Zn |
| What 5 things go on while you are sick? | energy needs
inflammation
oxidative stress
cells are made/activated
antigens are eliminated |
| How are antigens eliminated? | oxidative bursts |
| What two things are required for oxidative bursting to occur? | Zn + Iron |
| What nutrients help with energy needs? (8) | Cu
Mg
Fe
B2, 3, 6, 9, 12
All the Bs and a CUp and a MuG of FrEaking coffee |
| What is the scientific name of B1 | Thiamin
you have to have big THIghs to be number 1 |
| What is the scientific name of B2 | Riboflavin
2 rib cages |
| what is the scientific name for B3? | Niacin |
| What nutrients are needed for cellular proliferation? )(6) | Folic Acid
Fe
Iodine
Zn
Vitamin D
Mg
transcribing DNA is like receiving a FFIZzy DM |
| What nutrients activate immune cells? (3) | Zn
Calcium
Vitamin C |
| what 3 vitamins are antioxidants (needed to reduce oxidative stress) | vitamin E
Carotenoids
Vitamin C |
