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level: Key Terms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Key Terms

Question	Answer
a cell that has two sets of chromosomes	diploid
a cell with only one set of chromosomes	haploid
the duplicate versions of each chromosome	homologous chromosomes
expressed characteristics	traits
a chunk of DNA that codes for particular trait	gene
the position of a gene on a chromosome	locus
alternate version of the same gene (ex. T vs t)	allele
when an organism has two identical alleles for a given trait	homozygous
when an organism has two different alleles for a given trait	heterozygous
the physical appearance of an organism	phenotype
the genetic makeup of an organism	genotype
the first generation	parent/P generation
the offspring generation of the P	filial/F1 generation
the offspring of the F1	F2 generation
the dominant allele masks the presence of the recessive allele	Law of Dominance
when two individuals are crossed and one gene is being studied	monohybrid cross
the law that states each gamete gets only one of two copies of a gene	Law of Segregation
two alleles for each trait are sorted independently of the two alleles for other traits	Law of Independent Assortment
a study looking at how two genes are passed on	dihybrid cross
calculation of the probability that each event will occur independently	product rule
calculation of the likelihood that either event occurs but not both	sum rule
a way to determine a genotype if physical appearance cannot	test cross
genes that are found on the same chromosome	linked genes
the measurement unit for distance on a chromosome	map units/centrimorgans
22 pairs of chromosomes	autosomes
the 23 pair of chromosome	sex chromosome
traits found on the X chromosome and disproportionally affects males	sex-linked traits
an X chromosome that is condensed and visible	Barr body
the blending of traits	incomplete dominance
equal expression of both alleles	codominance
trait results from the interaction of many genes	polygenic inheritance
genetic material in the mitochondria	non-nuclear inheritance
a way to study genetic inheritance (family tree)	pedigree
occurs when two individuals with the same genotype have different phenotypes because they are in different environments	phenotypic plasticity
female organ is the ovary and male's are testes	gonads
two sets of chromosomes	tetrad
another name for meiosis	gametogenesis
production of sperm cells	spermatogenesis
production of egg cells/ovum (only produces 3 not 4 in the end)	oogenesis
chromosome failed to separate properly during meiosis	nondisjunction
the presence of abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell	aneuploidy
when a segment of a chromosome moves to another nonhomologous chromosome	translocation