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level: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS PART 3

Questions and Answers List

level questions: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS PART 3

Question	Answer
Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis - BINDS TO 30S ribosomes	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines
Have amino sugars that are linked together by glycosidic bonds They change the shape of 30s portion which causes code of RNA to be read incorrectly	Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides first antibiotic to have significant activity against ___ and they are bactericidal. They are also __ spectrum	gram negative, broad spectrum
Aminoglycosides Types	1 Streptomycin 2 Amikacin 3 Gentamicin 4 Netilmicin 5 Neomycin 6 Tobramycin
First alternative drug for mycobacteria Not used anymore for tuberculosis because of the resistancy of mycobacteria	Streptomycin (BROAD SPECTRUM)
Unavailable as topical preparation Sometimes Non Rx topical preparation	Neomycin
Broad spectrum especially in pseudomonas species	Gentamicin
Broad spectrum Incorporated in otic and opthalmic preparation	Tobramycin
Significant adverse effect of aminoglycosides	1 Ototoxicity, 2 Nephrotoxicity 3 Neuromuscular blockade
Interferes with attachment of tRNA and to mRNA ribosome complex It has the broadest spectrum antibiotic	Tetracyclines
Used to treat UTI and alternative drugs for gonorrhea and syphilis	Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines suppress the normal Gastrointestinal microbiota or norma flora because of broad spectrum which causes GI upsets that can lead to superinfection particularly by __	Candida albicans
Examples of Tetracyclines	1 Tetracycline 2 oxytetracycline 3 chlortetracycline 4 demeclocycline
Used in animal feeds for weight gain Adverse effect ____	Demeclocycline, phototoxicity
Adverse effect: Vestibular problems	Minocycline
Semisynthetic Tetracyclines	1 Doxycycline 2 Minocycline
They have longer retention in the body Most likely can cause toxicity	Doxycycline, Minocycline
Tetracyclines are not for children because they can cause __	permanent brownish decoloration of the teeth
Adverse Effects of Tetracyclines	1 Gastric discomfort, 2 deposition in the bones 3 primary dentition causing discoloration 4 hypoplasia of the teeth and a temporary stunting of growth, 5 hepatotoxicity, 6 phototoxicity (demeclocycline), 7 vestibular problems (minocycline)
Underdevelopment or incomplete growth of the teeth	Hypoplasia
Liver damage especially for pregnant women	Hepatoxicity
Occur in inner ear and brain Vertigo, spinning and swaying sensation. Sometimes dizziness, balance problems, nausea and vomiting	Vestibular problems
When you ingest an expired tetracycline Causes symptoms like excessive drinking, urination and kidney disease	Fanconi-like Syndrome