| Transcription | the MRNA sends a copy of DNAS instructional code from the cell nucleus to the ribosome outside of the nucleus. |
| Translation | the rRNA in ribosome organelles read and translate MRNAs copy of DNA code to make the instructional protein. |
| Ribosome | Cell organelles that read and interprets MRNAS copy of DNAs genetic code to make the PROTEIN |
| Ribosomes are located in | Rough Edoplasmic Reticulum |
| Protein synthesis site is | the rough er |
| Transcription step 1 is | in the cell nucleus an enzyme unzips double helix DNA |
| Transcription step 2 (After it unzips the double helix) | The mRNA builds by matching the RNA nucleotide building blocks to the templet DNA strand |
| Transcription step 3 (After MRNA matches RNA to templet DNA strand) | Newly made mRNA carries a matching copy of DNAS instructional code for one gene outside the nucleus. |
| Why can't DNA go out the nucleus and go to the protein? | It cannot transport out, but MRNA is small enough to be sent out. |
| Translation | RNA to protein |
| The mRNA from the nucleus is sent through by what organelle | Ribosome |
| Translation step 1 | mRNA is sent from the nucleus through the ribosome organelle |
| Translation step 2(After the mRNA is sent out) | The ribosome reads the mRNA copy of the instructional code, three letters at a time) |
| Translation step 3 (After the ribosome reads the mRNA IC) | As the RIbosome organelle reads the mRNA, tRNA transfers the proper amino acids to each codon in the mRNA strand based on it's matching Anti-codon. |
| Random combination for three nuceoltide nitrogen base letters that code for one amino building block | Codon |
| Translation step 4 (After the tRNA transfers the amino acids to each codon based on the Anti-codon) | As the tRNA transfers the amino acids, the Ribosomes links them together, detaches and condenses into a protein. |
| random changes in either DNA base letters, genes (which code for proteins) or chromosomes | Mutations |
| Mutagens that specifically cause cancer are called | Carcinogens like smoking |
| when the cell divides each new cell doesn’t end up with half the required amount of DNA | DNA Replication occurs |
| DNA begin to condense into Chromatin and eventually into separate structures called | Chromosomes |
| Two new sets of DNA are produced. Each set consists of an | original template strand and a new complementary strand. |
| Step two in cell replication is | another enzyme builds two new complementary DNA strands by matching DNA nucleotide building blocks to each original template strand according to proper base pairing rules (C-G and A-T) |
| In the cell’s nucleus an enzyme unzips | double helix DNA |
