| What is the Cell Life Cycle? | Growth, development and division |
| What is the Interphase? | Cell growth & development phase before division |
| What is Protein Synthesis? | Cell grows & develops by synthesizing (making) the proteins that give organisms their traits and characteristics from DNA & RNA |
| What is DNA Replication? | DNA is replicated, so when the cell divides each new cell doesn’t end up with only half the required amount of DNA |
| What is a Checkpoint? | Newly replicated DNA is checked for errors before the cell divides |
| What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)? | Instructional genetic code for making the proteins that give living things their traits & characteristics. Double Helix shape inside nucleus in Eukaryotic cells
Circular shape in Prokaryotic cells |
| What is Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)? | Single stranded; uses DNA’s instructions to make proteins |
| What is Nucleotide? | Monomer building block |
| What is Base Pairing? | Hydrogen Bonds connect the nitrogen bases Cytosine to Guanine (“CG”) and Adenine to Thymine (“AT”) in DNA to form double helix or Adenine to Uracil (“AU”) in RNA |
| What is Sugar Phosphate Backbones? | Each strand of double helix DNA |
| Deoxyribose Sugar in DNA or Ribose in RNA
Phosphate (P)
Nitrogen Bases: | Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine in DNA or Uracil in RNA |
| What are the functions of protein macromolecules? | Traits are expressed by proteins
Enzyme proteins catalyze (speed up) chemical rxns
Structure (hair, nails, muscles)
Transport substances
Ex: Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to transport
oxygen
Hormone chemical messengers
Some hormones are also lipids |
| What are the monomer building block for macromolecules? | Amino Acids: Each protein has a unique shape and function because they have a unique number and sequence of different amino acid building blocks. When we learned about enzyme proteins, we also learned that when proteins lose their unique shape, they also lose their unique function. |
| What are the characteristics of life? | Homeostasis
Cells
Energy Metabolism
DNA & Heredity
Growth & Development
Reproduction
Environmental Response
Evolution |
| What is the instructional code for life? | DNA |
| What uses DNA's instructions to make proteins? | RNA |
