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level: TYPES OF SOLVENT

Questions and Answers List

Question	Answer
• High boiling point • Low vapor pressure • High dielectric constant	Water
• Advantage: The growth of microorganisms does not occur in solutions containing alcohol in a reasonable concentration	Alcohols: Ethanol
What are substances soluble in Ethanol?	• Resins • Glycosides • Alkaloids • Volatile oils
• An excellent solvent although its range is not as extensive as that of water or alcohol	Glycerin
What are substances soluble in Glycerin?	• Fixed alkali • Vegetable acids • Pepsin • Gums • Carbohydrates • Starch
• Been used widely as a substitute for glycerin	Propylene glycol
Propylene glycol is miscible in the following	• Water • Acetone • Chloroform
Propylene glycol is soluble in what?	• Ether • Essential oils
• Advantage: Commonly available product contains not over 1% of water, whereas ethyl alcohol contains about 5% water	Isopropyl Alcohol
What are the Semipolar solvents?	• Acetone • Aldehydes • Low Molecular Weight esters • Nitrogen-containing compounds • Other ketones
What are the Nonpolar solvents?	• Fixed oils (vegetable oils) • Carbon tetrachloride • Benzene • Chloroform