| The nervous system has two major divisions: | The Central Nervous System (CNS); and
the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| Is made up of the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, and an intricate network of neurons.
Is responsible for sending, receiving, processing and interpreting sensory information from all areas of the body.
Also receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). | The Central Nervous System |
| Monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. | The Peripheral Nervous System |
| Is the control center of the body
It processes and interprets sensory input sent from the spinal cord.
Consists of three structurally distinct components. | The brain |
| The Consists of three structurally distinct components of the brain: | The fore brain, midbrain, and the hindbrain |
| A distinct component of the brain:
Houses the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum.
Is responsible for functions such as receiving, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function. | The forebrain |
| A distinct component of the brain:
What makes up the brain stem? | The midbrain and the hindbrain |
| A distinct component of the brain:
Connects the forebrain and the hindbrain, and is involved in auditory and visual responses as well as motor function.
Also contains the medulla oblongata, which is responsible for autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. | The midbrain |
| A distinct component of the brain:
Extends from the spinal cord and contains the pons and cerebellum.
assists in maintaining balance and equilibrium, as well as movement coordination and conduction of sensory information. | The hindbrain |
| Is a cylindrical bundle of nerves that is connected to the brain, running down the protective spinal column, extending from the neck to the lower back. | The spinal cord. |
| Are responsible for transmitting information from body organs and external stimuli to the brain, and for sending information from the brain to other areas of the body. | The spinal cord nerves |
| Are the basic units of the nervous system. | Neurons |
| All cells of the nervous system contain neurons, which in turn contain ________ ("fingerlike" projections) that consist of ??? and ???.
These cells work together to convey signals to different areas of the body. | All cells of the nervous system contain neurons, which in turn contain "nerve processes" ("fingerlike" projections) that consist of axons and dendrites. |
| The PNS consists of nerves ____ the CNS. | outside |
| PNS nerves are classified by? | how they are connected to the CNS. |
| Cranial nerves originate from or terminate in the ____,
while the spinal nerves originate or terminate in the _____ | Cranial nerves originate from or terminate in the brain,
while spinal nerves originate or terminate in the spinal cord. |
| Major subdivisions of the nervous system: | Nervous system divided into Central and Peripheral nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system divided into sensory and motor functions
Motor functions divided into somatic (skeletal muscle effectors) and autonomic (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland effectors) nervous system; and
Autonomic nervous system divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest). |
| The PNS is divided into two major functional units: | The sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) functions. |
| The motor (efferent) division is further subdivided into the: | somatic nervous system (voluntary nervous system) and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary nervous system) |
| The somatic nervous system consists of ____ that send information to the CNS and motor nerve fibers that project to skeletal muscles. | peripheral nerve fibers. |
| The autonomic nervous system can be further divided into the: | Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. |
| Is responsible for generating the "fight or flight" response.
When a person is afraid, the stimulated _____ nervous system prepares the body for action by increasing the heart rate, releasing glycogen from the liver into the blood, and other actions. | The sympathetic nervous system |
| Activates passive functions such as stimulating the secretion of saliva, or digestive enzymes into the stomach or small intestines ("rest and digest"). | The parasympathetic nervous system. |
| The major neurotransmitters in the CNS include: | gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, endogenous opioids (endorphins and enkephalins), and some amino acids, such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and histamine. |
