| What is Pharmaceutical Sciences? | A dynamic and interdisciplinary field that
aims to integrate fundamental principles of
physical and organic chemistry, engineering,
biochemistry, and biology to understand how
to optimize delivery of drugs to the body
and translate this integrated understanding
into new and improved therapies
Important points:
Integrate fundamental principles of physical and organic chemistry, engineering, biochemistry, and biology
Understand how to optimize delivery of drugs to the body and translate this understanding into new and improved therapies |
| What is Physical Pharmacy? | Area of pharmacy dealing with quantitative and
theoretical principles of physicochemical science
as they apply to the practice of pharmacy
Integrates knowledge of mathematics, physics and
chemistry and applies them to the pharmaceutical
dosage form development. |
| What is the help of Physical Pharmacy course? | leads to proper understanding of subsequent courses
in Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology.
Aided the pharmacists and pharmaceutical
scientists to predict the solubility, stability,
compatibility and biologic action of drug products. |
| Procardia XL | Similar appearance to a conventional tablet
Semi-permeable membrane surrounding an
osmotically active drug core divided in 2 layers :
active & push layers
Fluid from GIT increases pressure in the osmotic
layer and “push” against the drug layer
Designed to provide constant rate over 24 hrs
Inert components remain intact during GI transit
and eliminated in the feces |
| Patient Counselling on XL tablets | Do not crash, chew or break
Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of
water
Tablet form found in stool may be the
outer shell of the tablet only
Eventually, outer shell of the depleted
tablet passes out through feces |
| Pharmacists must be able to translate the
complex scientific principle to a __ | simple, practical and useful recommendation for a patient |
| It gives an accuracy of a number
Useful for indicating the precision of a result | SIGNIFICANT FIGURES |
| a deviation from the absolute value or from
the true average of a large number of results | Error |
| 2 types of error | Determinate (constant)
Indeterminate (random or accidental) |
| What are constant errors and random/ accidental errors | constant or determinate errors can be avoided, determined or corrected
Random or indeterminate errors occurs by accident or by chance |
| In a chemical analysis, the results of a series of tests will yield
a random pattern around an average or central value, known
as | Mean |
| Usually present in each measurement and affect all
observations of a series in the same way | Constant errors
ex.
Errors in calibration, in weighing operations
Impurities in the reagents and drugs, in matching colors
Personal Errors such as in pouring and mixing,
Reading of meniscus, in calculations, etc.
Change of volume of solutions with temperature |
| Reducing determinate errors in analytic work | 1. By using a calibrated apparatus
2. Using blanks and controls
3. Using several different analytic procedures and apparatus
4. Eliminating impurities-ex.filtration. purification
5. Carrying out the experiment under varying conditions
6. In manufacturing, eliminate errors by calibrating the
weights and apparatus and by checking results and
calculations with other workers. |
| Random errors also occur in filling a number of capsules with a
drug, the finished products show a definite __ in weight | variation |
| These are errors arising from random fluctuations in
temperature or other external factors
Variations in reading instruments
Can be determined and corrected by careful
analysis and refinement of techniques on the part
of the worker | PSEUDOACCIDENTAL OR VARIABLE DETERMINATE
ERRORS |
| How to reduce Pseudo accidental or variable determinate errors | 1. Control the conditions through use of constant
temperature baths or ovens
2. Use of buffers. (resist changes in pH)
3. Maintenance of constant humidity and pressure where
indicated
4. Careful reading of fractions of units on graduates,
balances and other apparatus |
