| patent foramen ovale | fossa ovalis fails to close creating a left to right shunt |
| Atrial septal defect | holes in the atrial septum that create a shunt |
| ventricular septal defect | holes in the ventricular septum that create a shunt |
| patent ductus arteriosus | the fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to become a ligament, which creates a shunt |
| tetralogy of fallot | pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of muscle) |
| transposition of the great vessels | the aorta and pulmonary artery are connected to the wrong ventricles creating an oxygenated loop, and a deoxygenated circuit |
| persistent truncus arteriosus | aorta and pulmonary artery are fused, usually have VSD |
| tricuspid atresia | tricuspid valve fails to form/ isn't there, usually ASD and/or VSD |
| total anomalous pulmonary venous return | the four pulmonary veins connect to the vena cava instead of the left atrium |
| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing of the aorta, causes different blood pressures for the stenosis |
| shunt direction is decided by | the pressure differences, blood moves from high pressure to lower |
| congenital aortic valve stenosis | thickening of the aortic leaflets pulmonary congestion, high pressure in LV decreased cardiac output |
| mitral valve prolapse | valve leaflets can blow backwards, sounds like a clicking, usually not serious |
| tamponade definition | to much pericardial fluid creates to much pressure on the heart |
| 2 types of septal tissues | Fibrous septum premium, muscular septum secundum |
| patent foramen ovale can cause | stroke or myocardial infarction |
| Atrial septal defect causes | pulmonary congestion |
| ventricular septal defect causes | pulmonary congestion |
| patent ductus arteriosus causes | pulmonary congestion |
| tetralogy of fallot causes | cyanosis |
| transposition of the great vessels causes | cyanosis |
| persistent truncus arteriosus causes | cyanosis |
| tricuspid atresia causes | cyanosis |
| total anomalous venous return causes | pulmonary congestion or cyanosis |
| congenital aortic stenosis causes | pulmonary congestion |
