| Wat houdt het identifiable victim effect in? | People are willing to expand greater resources to save lives of identified victims than to save unidentified victims. Identifiable victims seem to produce a greater emphatic response accompanied by greater willingness to make personal sacrifices to provide aid |
| Op welke manier speelt het IVE een rol bij health care? | exspensive measures are often taken for identified individuals, but funding for preventative care seems to be lacking |
| Wat zijn potentiele oorzaken van het IVE? | - vividness: specific, concrete examples have far greater influence on what people think and how they behave than more statistical information (the more we know, the more we care)
- certainty and uncertainty: a certain loss is seen as worse than a uncertain loss with the same expected value; identifiable deaths are usually certain to occur if action is not taken, whereas statistical deaths, by definition, are probabilistic
- proportion of the reference group that can be saved: identifiable victims become their own reference group
- ex post vs ante evalution: The decision about rescuing an identifiable victim, or the evaluation of the value of rescuing the victim, is usually made ex post (after the occurence of some risk-producing event); In contrast the evaluation of the value of addressing risks to statistical victims is usually made ex ante (before the risk-producing event has occurred) |
| Wat zijn de conclusies uit dit artikel? | - surprise: vividness does not appear to have an effect on subjects willingness to support risk-reducing actions
- When victims are identified it is clear exactly how many people will die, but when victims are statistical it is always possible that more or fewer will die
- It appears that once we know an individual is definitely at risk, there is no difference in the importance of taking action after the risk is realized or before the risk has occurred
- if we assign a higher value to saving any identified victim than to saving a statistical victim, then perhaps we need to rethink how we value statistical victims, since at some point all victims are identified. |
