| What is the multi store model of memory? | sensory
STM
LTM |
| what is sensory memory? | visual info
not perceived until pay attention to it |
| letter study for sensory memory? | Sperling
12 letters in a grid- pps remember 4 letters
4 letter in a row- pps remember 3/4 |
| what is attention? | selectively processing things
alerting- being alerted to something
executive processing- figuring out what object is
orienting- figuring out how far away it is etc. |
| what is the Stroop effect? | automatically process words
regardless of attention
interferes with naming of colour word is printed in
pay attention to word instead of colour |
| what is the bottle neck theory? | division of limited memory resources
addresses that we filter out info and when |
| what is the capacity theory? | division of limited mental resources
how much of attention we give to different tasks
e.g. cocktail party- can listen to one convo and ignore everyone else |
| What is the dichotic & shadowing task? | 2 different messages at once, one in each ear
only meant to pay attention to one
asked to repeat one of the messages
asked about ear they weren't meant to listen to
noticed pitch, duration- NO MEANING |
| what is the early filter theory? | attention is all or nothing
filter out info based on physical characteristics- pitch, tone, where sound is coming from
SENSORY> FILTER> STM
filtering prevents overload of resources
info kept from filter goes to processing |
| problems with early filter theory? | switch attention at will or involuntarily
according to theory irrelevant noises filtered out but we can switch attention
name being called- you switch attention- shouldn't happen |
| what is the late filter theory? | everything processed up to STM
filtered after STM
processed for physical characteristics & meaning
irrelevant stuff disappears |
| problems with late filter theory? | simpler theories to explain this
evolutionary not viable
why would you process everything you don't need to
have limited capacity |
| what is the leaky filter theory? | info your not paying attention to isn't completely blocked out
just turned down
after sensory store is when you attenuate (direct levels of attention)
if info personal- you still process it |
| what is the load theory? | early selection depends on perception of info and cog. load needed to process info
low perception load (empty room)= process a lot, late filter
high perception load= (busy street) process little, early filter |
| what is a theory of attention? | gorilla video
easy & hard condition
easy- count no. of passes made
hard- count no. of bounces made
pps don't notice gorilla
more ppl notice gorilla in easy condition than hard |
| what is a visual task? | finding items amongst distractions
pop out effect- one discerning feature obviously different from others- find item easily
no process needed
conjoint search- task more difficult cause item and distractors have same features |
| what is the feature integration theory? | pick out features of object- colour, size
slower process of finding object is have similar features to distractors |
| what is the attentional engagement theory? | search time depends on similarity of item & distractor
similarity of distractors themselves |
| what is the capacity of divided attention? | how well can we split our attention to different tasks
dual tasks studies
2 tasks alone
then tasks done separately
compare results
if pps told one task more important, performance on 2nd task is poor
if pps told to respond however, both tasks evenly scored |
| attention across different modalities | can't focus on 2 visual/ auditory tasks at once
if one visual & one auditory can focus- but quality reduction |
| what is the multiple research model of attention? | several pools of info processing resources
use at same time, overlap
e.g. driving & talking- visual & auditory input |
| how to improve performance on dual tasks? | ppl can improve performance of dual tasks if they work on it |
