| What does the Human Body have acts as a 'First Line of Defence' [Other Words, what are the Non-Specific Defences that don't Target a Specific Pathogen] [1st Part: Skin, Respiratory Tract and Eyes] | -The Skin is a Literal Barrier to Pathogens, and also makes Antimicrobial Substances that kill Pathogens.
-Respiratory Tract [Lungs, Nasal Passage...] has Mucus and Cilia along with the Nose having Hairs. Mucus and Hair traps the Particles which may have Pathogens and the Cilia Passes the Mucus back to the Throat where its Swallowed
-Eyes, makes Tears, that have an Enzyme [Lysozyme] which break down Bacteria |
| What does the Human Body have acts as a 'First Line of Defence' [Other Words, what are the Non-Specific Defences that don't Target a Specific Pathogen] [2nd Part: Stomach and Blood Vessels] | -Stomach makes HCl, which Kills Pathogens
-Blood Vessel, when Damaged, will have Platelets [Tiny Fragments of Cells, that have Different Substances to help the Clot being made, and also has Proteins on the Surface which allows them to Stick Together - also Helping the Clot] the Blood Clump Together to Patch the Damaged Area [Blood Clotting] This will ensure that you don't lose a Lot of Blood, and having Microorganisms enter the Wound. |
| When does the Immune System, and what Part of the Immune System is the most Important for dealing with Pathogens | -When the Pathogen gets into the Body, the Immune System will Intervene
-White Blood Cells, in your Blood, will be the Most Relevant. |
| Describe how the White Blood Cells Respond to an Invading Pathogen. | 1. Phagocytes, a White Blood Cell, has a Flexible Membrane and lots of Enzymes - so it just Eats the Pathogen and Breaks it down. This is Phagocytosis.
2. Pathogens has Antigens on its Surface, and they are Unique [Think of an ID Card - Every Pathogen has its own Antigen] and so a B-Lymphocyte [White Blood Cell] will try to Recognise the Pathogen's Antigens. If the Antigens are 'Foreign' then they will make Antibodies - Proteins that will Lock onto that Specific Antigen. They Swarm the Battlefield and can Distract and provide a Visible 'Beacon'
3. Antitoxins made to Counteract the Pathogen's Toxins. |
