| Describe proper apex beat | left 5th intercostal space medial to left midclavicular line
normal |
| What is vocal fremitus, and what is its purpose? | vibration transmitted throug the body
assesment of lungs
the sound will be better resonanted in water
the sound will be different in lungs/pleural cavity filled with air or liquid
should be symetrical, not to strong |
| What is the difference between bronchial and vesiculair sound ? | bronchial sound: physiological sound above trachea and larynx, pathological above bronchus
vesiclar sound: physiological sound of lungs during auscultation |
| What kind of lungs percussion do we distinguish, describe the result of it assuming that the patient is healthy | comparative: asses symetry on both sides
topographical: estimate the lower border of lung |
| What is the definition of arterial hypertension in children ? | higher then 95percentile |
| Where do we examine peripheral pulse in children? | femoral a. |
| How do we describe the murmurs over heart? | intracardiac
extracardiac
organic
innocent
functional |
| What are characteristics of innocent murmurs? | functional murmur
physiological murmur
soft and midsystolic not pathological |
| What are physiologic and pathologic sounds over lungs upon auscultation? | PHYSIOLOGY
vesicular
bronchial
PATHOLOGY
bronchial sound above bronhii
wheezing and rhonchi
crepitations
pleural friction |
| Report the result of heart auscultation, assuming that no abnormalities are found | HR apropriate to age and regular
heart tones are loud and properly accentuated
only physiological murmurs present ex. innocent murmur |
| Point to the place of auscultation of each valve, where is Erb’s point | Aortoc valve: right 2nd intercostal in parasternal line
Pulmonary valve: left 2nd intercostal in parasternal line
Tricuspid valve: right parasternal line in attachent of the 4th cartilage
Erbs point: left parasternal line in attachment of 4th cartilage
Mitral valve: left 5th intercostal in parasternal line |
| Give the example of unproper chest shapes | barrel
pigon
funel |
