| What is antigen ? | Causes an immune response |
| What is a pathogen | A microorganisms that causes disease |
| The 4 types of cells | -memory t and B cell
- Tc t killer cell
-Th helper cell
- B cell |
| Vaccinations trigger what immune response | Primary |
| What is the cellular response | Replication of t killer cells that detect antigens , that release perforating proteins which punch holes to cause the cell to break . The memory t and B cells remain |
| The humoral response | B cells activate and Replicate and make monoclonal antibodies . They agglutinate (glu =stops movement ) of the pathogen . They engulf and kill the pathogen by phagocytosis. |
| After 7 years of having HIV what do you develop ? | AIDS |
| What is HIV? | Replicatayee and kills the host cell |
| Treatment for HIV | Antiviral drugs |
| non specific defences | Tears , mucus , cilia , skin |
| Specific defences | T lymphocytes- reception protein
B lymphocytes- antibody protein - 2 binding sites |
| Secondary immune response/ vaccination occurred | Vaccination extra steps - Dead pathogen injected
Phagocytes t and B cells activated
2nd . Memory t and B cells activated to bind to the antigen . B cells replicate so more antibodies . So more antibody - antigen complexes . The pathogen is killed. |
| The types of immunity | Passive and active |
| Passive immunity … | Doesn’t require exposure to antigen ,
Protection is immediate , memory cells are not produced . Protection is short term because the antibodies are broken down |
| What is active immunity? | Requires exposure to antigen . It takes a while to develop protection . Memory cells are produced so protection is long term |
| T cell has | 1 binding site
Receptor protein |
| B cell has | 2 binding sides (Y)
Antibody protein |
| Antibody structure | Quaternary structure
4 poly peptide chains held by disulphide bonds
2 antigen binding sites . |
| Phagocytosis trigger words | Engulf
Digest
Display |
| Phagocytosis description with 3 words | Engulf - extend membrane over the virus and encloses in a vesicle
Digest - lysosomes fuse with the vesicle and the enzymes from the lysosomes hydrolyse the molecule and kill it .
Display - the viral antigens are displayed on the phagocytes membrane |
| Key trigger word for when describing secondary immune response | FASTER |
