| What is Hard Engineering? | -This is simply Man-Made Structures that Control the Rivers Essentially |
| What is Soft Engineering? | -This is using the River Knowledge to Reduce the Effects of Flooding and making Plans as well |
| What is a Dam and a Reservoir? | -Dams are simply a Barrier that is Built across the River, usually found in the Upper Course
-Reservoir happens as a Result of the Barrier, and is simply a Lake behind the Dam
-This is an Example of a Hard Engineering |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of using a Dam and a Reservoir? | A: Reservoirs allow the Storage of Water, allows to Control the Flow of Water and can generate Hydroelectric Power to be Generated
D: Has a Huge Price Tag with it, Reservoir may lead to Existing Settlements being Flooded, Material being Deposited in the Reservoir and not Downstream meaning the Land may be less Fertile |
| What is Channel Straightening? | -This is simply Removing Meanders by making Straighter Channels
-This is an Example of Hard Engineering |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Channel Straightening? | A: Water leaves Faster meaning the Flood Risk can go Down
D: Downstream may experience Flooding, as the Increased Discharge will Quickly go Down There, More Erosion may also happen from the Increased Velocity |
| What is Embankments? | -This is simply Rising the River Banks, that's it
-This is an Example of Hard Engineering |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Embankments? | A: River holding more Water makes Flooding less Likely
D: Expensive, and can have a Massive Catastrophe if the Water goes Above the Embankments Level |
| What are Flood Relief Channels? | -This is making Channels to Divert the Water from Wherever they were going, or to simply have it Empty, and then Flood it if the Flood Risk is High
-This is an Example of Hard Engineering |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Flood Relief Channels? | A: Water can be Controlled due to the Gates on the Channel - Water is Controlled
D: The Discharge will simply Increase when the Relief Channel joins the River, so Flooding may happen in that Area |
| What are Flood Warning and Preparation? | -This is having Flood Warning being Announced through the use of the Internet, and People
-Buildings are Changed [Adapted] to Minimise the Damage
-Households can Prepare Sandbags and Flood Boards to help the Fight against Flooding
-This is an Example of Soft Engineering |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Flood Warnings and Preparation? | A: This gives People Time to move their Possessions Upstairs or even Evacuate, reducing the Damage that the Flood will Cause
D: This does Nothing to Prevent Floods. Some People may not even be Able to access the Warnings. Making the Buildings more Protected is Expensive and People may be Shocked from a False Sense of Security [Their House will be in Ruins even with Protection] |
| What are Flood Plain Zoning? | -This is simply Restricting Construction on the Flood Plain that has a High Chance of being Flooded |
| Advantages and Disadvantage of Flood Plain Zoning? | A: Flood Risk becomes much lower as Impermeable Surfaces aren't Created meaning the Surface Run Off is Much lower, and the Impacts of Flooding is Lower as Buildings isn't Present
D: Urban Areas on a Flood plain make this Concept Completely Useless, and even then, Expanding onto a Flood Plain may be to Sustain Population Growth [Urbanisation] |
| What is the Advantages and Disadvantages of Planting Trees? | A: Flood Risk and Discharge falls, as Trees use Water. Soil Erosion becomes less Common as Vegetation and Trees keep it Up [No Soil = More Impermeable]
D: Land becomes Limited for Farming
-This is the most Easiest Solution really |
| What is River Restoration? | -This is making the River more Natural- Removing Man Made Structures. This means the Flood Plains are Flooded Naturally |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of River Restoration? | A: Discharge is Reduced meaning Flooding becomes Uncommon down the Stream. Not much Point to Look After, as its just Nature playing the Game and also Wildlife is more Supported
D: Flood Risk Locally Increases, Especially if Nothing is Done |
